Fictional or Real? a review of how gamification types effect eco-driving on the road

This study reviews the research on the use of gamification in the eco-driving context. Through a systematic literature review (N=28), it analyzes the effectiveness of different gamification types (i.e., achievement, social, and fictional). Their effectiveness is investigated from a theory of affordances perspective, and gamification affordances, psychological outcomes, and behavioral outcomes are analyzed in detail in the reviewed corpus. The results show that achievement-oriented gamification is the most prominent type of gamification that has been studied and has shown largely positive results in improving energy-efficient driver behavior, such as reduced fuel consumption and acceleration. In contrast, there is little research on the effectiveness of social and fictional gamification. Additionally, there is a need for research to clarify the psychological effects of specific gamification affordances. In light of the current research, the study provides design implications as well as avenues for future research.