First Demonstration of laser induced breakdown spectroscopy using remote handling for in-vessel analysis of JET components

J. Likonen; S. Almaviva; R. Rayaprolu; R. Yi; I. Jepu; G. Sergienko; A. Widdowson; N. Jones; S. Atikukke; T. Dittmar; J. Karhunen; P. Gasior; Ch Kawan; M. Sackers; S. Soni; E. Wüst; S. Brezinsek; J. Butikova; W. Gromelski; A. Hakola; I. Jõgi; P. Paris; J. Ristkok; P. Veis

doi:10.1016/j.nme.2025.102021

First Demonstration of laser induced breakdown spectroscopy using remote handling for in-vessel analysis of JET components

J. Likonen^*
, S. Almaviva
, R. Rayaprolu
, R. Yi
, I. Jepu
, G. Sergienko
, A. Widdowson
, N. Jones
, S. Atikukke
, T. Dittmar
, J. Karhunen
, P. Gasior
, Ch Kawan
, M. Sackers
, S. Soni
, E. Wüst
, S. Brezinsek
, J. Butikova
, W. Gromelski
, A. Hakola

I. Jõgi, P. Paris, J. Ristkok, P. Veis,

^*Corresponding author for this work

BA4511 Fusion energy

National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA)
Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH (FZJ)
United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority (UKAEA)
Comenius University in Bratislava
Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion (IPPLM/IFPILM)
Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf
University of Latvia
University of Tartu

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Scientific › peer-review

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Abstract

The feasibility of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) for measuring fuel retention was demonstrated for the first time in a tokamak operating with tritium using a remotely controlled in-situ application in JET. In JET as well as in future fusion reactors such as ITER and DEMO, thick co-deposited layers will be formed on the inner wall during extended plasma operations. Experiments in present-day fusion devices indicate that these layers consist of eroded plasma-facing materials, various impurities and plasma fuel species such as deuterium and tritium. Accumulation of radioactive tritium in the reactor vacuum vessel is a particularly critical safety issue requiring active monitoring. LIBS is one of the few techniques available for monitoring the tritium content and the composition of co-deposited layers during maintenance breaks [1]. This paper will provide an overview of the LIBS experiment that was performed post DTE3 campaign, and D and H cleanup at JET in October 2024. 840 different spatial locations on the main wall and divertor area were investigated, with measurements of more than 100 laser pulses per location executed to ensure good depth resolution.

Original language	English
Article number	102021
Journal	Nuclear Materials and Energy
Volume	45
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nme.2025.102021
Publication status	Published - Dec 2025
MoE publication type	A1 Journal article-refereed

Funding

This work has been carried out within the framework of the EUROfusion Consortium, funded by the European Union via the Euratom Research and Training Programme (Grant Agreement No 101052200 — EUROfusion), from the EPSRC [grant number EP/W006839/1] and within the framework of the Contract for the Operation of the JET Facilities and has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme.

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Likonen, J., Almaviva, S., Rayaprolu, R., Yi, R., Jepu, I., Sergienko, G., Widdowson, A., Jones, N., Atikukke, S., Dittmar, T., Karhunen, J., Gasior, P., Kawan, C., Sackers, M., Soni, S., Wüst, E., Brezinsek, S., Butikova, J., Gromelski, W. (2025). First Demonstration of laser induced breakdown spectroscopy using remote handling for in-vessel analysis of JET components. Nuclear Materials and Energy, 45, Article 102021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nme.2025.102021

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title = "First Demonstration of laser induced breakdown spectroscopy using remote handling for in-vessel analysis of JET components",

abstract = "The feasibility of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) for measuring fuel retention was demonstrated for the first time in a tokamak operating with tritium using a remotely controlled in-situ application in JET. In JET as well as in future fusion reactors such as ITER and DEMO, thick co-deposited layers will be formed on the inner wall during extended plasma operations. Experiments in present-day fusion devices indicate that these layers consist of eroded plasma-facing materials, various impurities and plasma fuel species such as deuterium and tritium. Accumulation of radioactive tritium in the reactor vacuum vessel is a particularly critical safety issue requiring active monitoring. LIBS is one of the few techniques available for monitoring the tritium content and the composition of co-deposited layers during maintenance breaks [1]. This paper will provide an overview of the LIBS experiment that was performed post DTE3 campaign, and D and H cleanup at JET in October 2024. 840 different spatial locations on the main wall and divertor area were investigated, with measurements of more than 100 laser pulses per location executed to ensure good depth resolution.",

author = "J. Likonen and S. Almaviva and R. Rayaprolu and R. Yi and I. Jepu and G. Sergienko and A. Widdowson and N. Jones and S. Atikukke and T. Dittmar and J. Karhunen and P. Gasior and Ch Kawan and M. Sackers and S. Soni and E. W{\"u}st and S. Brezinsek and J. Butikova and W. Gromelski and A. Hakola and I. J{\~o}gi and P. Paris and J. Ristkok and P. Veis",

year = "2025",

month = dec,

doi = "10.1016/j.nme.2025.102021",

language = "English",

volume = "45",

journal = "Nuclear Materials and Energy",

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Likonen, J, Almaviva, S, Rayaprolu, R, Yi, R, Jepu, I, Sergienko, G, Widdowson, A, Jones, N, Atikukke, S, Dittmar, T, Karhunen, J, Gasior, P, Kawan, C, Sackers, M, Soni, S, Wüst, E, Brezinsek, S, Butikova, J, Gromelski, W, Hakola, A, Jõgi, I, Paris, P, Ristkok, J, Veis, P 2025, 'First Demonstration of laser induced breakdown spectroscopy using remote handling for in-vessel analysis of JET components', Nuclear Materials and Energy, vol. 45, 102021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nme.2025.102021

TY - JOUR

T1 - First Demonstration of laser induced breakdown spectroscopy using remote handling for in-vessel analysis of JET components

AU - Likonen, J.

AU - Almaviva, S.

AU - Rayaprolu, R.

AU - Yi, R.

AU - Jepu, I.

AU - Sergienko, G.

AU - Widdowson, A.

AU - Jones, N.

AU - Atikukke, S.

AU - Dittmar, T.

AU - Karhunen, J.

AU - Gasior, P.

AU - Kawan, Ch

AU - Sackers, M.

AU - Soni, S.

AU - Wüst, E.

AU - Brezinsek, S.

AU - Butikova, J.

AU - Gromelski, W.

AU - Hakola, A.

AU - Jõgi, I.

AU - Paris, P.

AU - Ristkok, J.

AU - Veis, P.

PY - 2025/12

Y1 - 2025/12

N2 - The feasibility of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) for measuring fuel retention was demonstrated for the first time in a tokamak operating with tritium using a remotely controlled in-situ application in JET. In JET as well as in future fusion reactors such as ITER and DEMO, thick co-deposited layers will be formed on the inner wall during extended plasma operations. Experiments in present-day fusion devices indicate that these layers consist of eroded plasma-facing materials, various impurities and plasma fuel species such as deuterium and tritium. Accumulation of radioactive tritium in the reactor vacuum vessel is a particularly critical safety issue requiring active monitoring. LIBS is one of the few techniques available for monitoring the tritium content and the composition of co-deposited layers during maintenance breaks [1]. This paper will provide an overview of the LIBS experiment that was performed post DTE3 campaign, and D and H cleanup at JET in October 2024. 840 different spatial locations on the main wall and divertor area were investigated, with measurements of more than 100 laser pulses per location executed to ensure good depth resolution.

AB - The feasibility of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) for measuring fuel retention was demonstrated for the first time in a tokamak operating with tritium using a remotely controlled in-situ application in JET. In JET as well as in future fusion reactors such as ITER and DEMO, thick co-deposited layers will be formed on the inner wall during extended plasma operations. Experiments in present-day fusion devices indicate that these layers consist of eroded plasma-facing materials, various impurities and plasma fuel species such as deuterium and tritium. Accumulation of radioactive tritium in the reactor vacuum vessel is a particularly critical safety issue requiring active monitoring. LIBS is one of the few techniques available for monitoring the tritium content and the composition of co-deposited layers during maintenance breaks [1]. This paper will provide an overview of the LIBS experiment that was performed post DTE3 campaign, and D and H cleanup at JET in October 2024. 840 different spatial locations on the main wall and divertor area were investigated, with measurements of more than 100 laser pulses per location executed to ensure good depth resolution.

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105021046310

U2 - 10.1016/j.nme.2025.102021

DO - 10.1016/j.nme.2025.102021

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:105021046310

SN - 2352-1791

VL - 45

JO - Nuclear Materials and Energy

JF - Nuclear Materials and Energy

M1 - 102021

ER -

First Demonstration of laser induced breakdown spectroscopy using remote handling for in-vessel analysis of JET components

Abstract

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Corrigendum to “First demonstration of laser induced breakdown spectroscopy using remote handling for in-vessel analysis of tritiated and activated JET components”.

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