Abstract
As electric vehicles (EVs) are emerging, smart and adaptive charging algorithms have become necessary to ensure safe and efficient operation of the grid. In the scientific literature, most of the proposed charging control algorithms focus solely on EV usage-related behaviour, while the charging characteristics of EVs are overlooked. Herein, realistic charging characteristics are illustrated and discussed. More notably, to overcome the issues caused by the non-idealities in charging characteristics, a new adaptive charging characteristics expectation algorithm is proposed. The objective of this algorithm is to enable accurate estimation of the non-ideal charging characteristics. This can be used to reallocate any unused charging capacity and to ensure that the intended total capacity is used effectively. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated using hardware-in-the-loop simulations with commercial EVs and real charging data. The results show that the proposed algorithm achieves an 88%–97% capacity usage rate, while the current benchmark solution achieves only 45%.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 599-611 |
| Journal | IET Smart Grid |
| Volume | 4 |
| Issue number | 6 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - Dec 2021 |
| MoE publication type | A1 Journal article-refereed |
Funding
This work was supported by the LIFE Programme of the European Union (LIFE17 IPC/FI/000002 LIFE‐IP CANEMURE‐FINLAND). Kalle Rauma would like to thank the support of the German Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure through the project ‘PuLS - Parken und Laden in der Stadt’ (03EMF0203B). The authors would like to thank IGL Technologies for providing charging data and contributing ideas for the work.
