From business models to value networks and business ecosystems - What does it mean for the economics and governance of the transport system?

The entire transport sector is experiencing disruption on a global scale due to a number of drivers. These include the drivers of technology, changes in governance structures, a range of environmental challenges, and the need to provide mobility and accessibility regardless of social status or income level. To realize socio-economically worthwhile investments in the transport system, particularly where new technologies are involved, fresh views of the economy and investment are needed. This paper explores the relationship between business models, value chains and business ecosystems, and demonstrates a meta-model for transport-related services that involve profound incorporation of new technologies. The meta-model consists of four elements: end customer value (value proposition to the end user), business value (shareholder value), collaborative value (business value to the supply chain) and societal value (value creation in the supply chain and control of negative externalities). The meta-model is tested with a case study.