Gaseous ozone treatment of wood: Effect of treatment conditions on the wood wettability and phenol-formaldehyde adhesive bonding strength

Findings of an earlier study, “Improving Wood Surface Wettability through Gas-phase Ozone Treatment of Air-dry Wood,” demonstrated that the wood gas-phase ozone treatment enhances the wettability of wood by water, and thus potentially also the spread, absorption, and adhesion of water-based adhesives and coatings to the wood surfaces. This study extends that work by examining the effect of ozone treatment temperature and the wood moisture content on the wettability of ozone treated wood and bonding strength of phenol-formaldehyde (PF) adhesive. In the present study, both air-dry and wetted birch plywood and veneer were ozone-treated at 23 °C, 35 °C, and 55 °C for 10 and 30 minutes. The amount of reacted ozone increased with higher treatment temperature and with an increase in the wood moisture content. However, the reduction in the water contact angle was more pronounced for air-dry wood. Bonding tests showed that the ozone treatments substantially increased the PF adhesive bonding strength, and the bonding strength correlated negatively with the ozone-treated birch veneer water contact angle. The results suggest that both the treatment temperature and moisture content of the wood during the treatment influenced the ozone reactions with wood, and thus on wood wettability and PF adhesive bonding strength (192 / max. 200).