High-concentration ethanol fuels for cold driving conditions

Juhani Laurikko; Nils-Olof Nylund; Jari Suominen; Mika P.A. Anttonen

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-33777-2_15

High-concentration ethanol fuels for cold driving conditions

Juhani Laurikko (Corresponding author), Nils-Olof Nylund, Jari Suominen, Mika P.A. Anttonen

ST1 Biofuels Oy

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference article in proceedings › Scientific › peer-review

Abstract

VTT has together with the Finnish energy company St1 tested different high-volume ethanol fuel (E85) samples in order to find the optimum composition for this fuel to perform satisfactorily in low ambient temperature driving conditions encountered in Finland quite frequently during the winter season. Altogether seven different fuel compositions were evaluated, with 70-85 % of anhydrous bioethanol, and various different mixes of regular petrol components and some specific species like ETBE, butane, iso-butanol etc. As a reference, new Euro-quality 95E10 petrol with 10 % ethanol was used. Fuel vapour pressure of each sample was adjusted according to test temperatures to match summer or winter condition and ensure effortless start-up. Test results showed that the composition of the fuel had marked influence on emissions. The lower the test temperature was, the more distinctive were the differences. Based on the results, about -15°C would be the lower limit of operation with "straight" E85 mixture composed ethanol and petrol. On the other hand the more "engineered" fuels performed much better, and allowed starting as low as at -20 to -25°C. Cold start and driving was possible at equal level of unburned hydrocarbons and other unwanted emissions (aldehydes, ethanol) at an ambient temperature more than 10°C lower compared to "straight" E85 fuel

Original language	English
Title of host publication	Proceedings of the FISITA 2012 World Automotive Congress
Publisher	Springer
Pages	193-209
ISBN (Electronic)	978-3-642-33777-2
ISBN (Print)	978-3-642-33776-5
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33777-2_15
Publication status	Published - 2013
MoE publication type	Not Eligible
Event	FISITA 2012 World Automotive Congress - Beijing, China Duration: 27 Nov 2012 → 30 Nov 2012

Publication series

Series	Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering
Volume	191
ISSN	1876-1100

Conference

Conference	FISITA 2012 World Automotive Congress
Country/Territory	China
City	Beijing
Period	27/11/12 → 30/11/12

Keywords

Cold ambient conditions
E85
exhaust emissions
fuel composition
waste-to-fuel

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Access to Document

10.1007/978-3-642-33777-2_15

Cite this

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title = "High-concentration ethanol fuels for cold driving conditions",

abstract = "VTT has together with the Finnish energy company St1 tested different high-volume ethanol fuel (E85) samples in order to find the optimum composition for this fuel to perform satisfactorily in low ambient temperature driving conditions encountered in Finland quite frequently during the winter season. Altogether seven different fuel compositions were evaluated, with 70-85 % of anhydrous bioethanol, and various different mixes of regular petrol components and some specific species like ETBE, butane, iso-butanol etc. As a reference, new Euro-quality 95E10 petrol with 10 % ethanol was used. Fuel vapour pressure of each sample was adjusted according to test temperatures to match summer or winter condition and ensure effortless start-up. Test results showed that the composition of the fuel had marked influence on emissions. The lower the test temperature was, the more distinctive were the differences. Based on the results, about -15°C would be the lower limit of operation with {"}straight{"} E85 mixture composed ethanol and petrol. On the other hand the more {"}engineered{"} fuels performed much better, and allowed starting as low as at -20 to -25°C. Cold start and driving was possible at equal level of unburned hydrocarbons and other unwanted emissions (aldehydes, ethanol) at an ambient temperature more than 10°C lower compared to {"}straight{"} E85 fuel",

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author = "Juhani Laurikko and Nils-Olof Nylund and Jari Suominen and Anttonen, {Mika P.A.}",

year = "2013",

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publisher = "Springer",

pages = "193--209",

booktitle = "Proceedings of the FISITA 2012 World Automotive Congress",

address = "Germany",

note = "FISITA 2012 World Automotive Congress ; Conference date: 27-11-2012 Through 30-11-2012",

}

High-concentration ethanol fuels for cold driving conditions. / Laurikko, Juhani (Corresponding author); Nylund, Nils-Olof; Suominen, Jari et al.
Proceedings of the FISITA 2012 World Automotive Congress. Springer, 2013. p. 193-209 (Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, Vol. 191).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference article in proceedings › Scientific › peer-review

TY - GEN

T1 - High-concentration ethanol fuels for cold driving conditions

AU - Laurikko, Juhani

AU - Nylund, Nils-Olof

AU - Suominen, Jari

AU - Anttonen, Mika P.A.

PY - 2013

Y1 - 2013

N2 - VTT has together with the Finnish energy company St1 tested different high-volume ethanol fuel (E85) samples in order to find the optimum composition for this fuel to perform satisfactorily in low ambient temperature driving conditions encountered in Finland quite frequently during the winter season. Altogether seven different fuel compositions were evaluated, with 70-85 % of anhydrous bioethanol, and various different mixes of regular petrol components and some specific species like ETBE, butane, iso-butanol etc. As a reference, new Euro-quality 95E10 petrol with 10 % ethanol was used. Fuel vapour pressure of each sample was adjusted according to test temperatures to match summer or winter condition and ensure effortless start-up. Test results showed that the composition of the fuel had marked influence on emissions. The lower the test temperature was, the more distinctive were the differences. Based on the results, about -15°C would be the lower limit of operation with "straight" E85 mixture composed ethanol and petrol. On the other hand the more "engineered" fuels performed much better, and allowed starting as low as at -20 to -25°C. Cold start and driving was possible at equal level of unburned hydrocarbons and other unwanted emissions (aldehydes, ethanol) at an ambient temperature more than 10°C lower compared to "straight" E85 fuel

AB - VTT has together with the Finnish energy company St1 tested different high-volume ethanol fuel (E85) samples in order to find the optimum composition for this fuel to perform satisfactorily in low ambient temperature driving conditions encountered in Finland quite frequently during the winter season. Altogether seven different fuel compositions were evaluated, with 70-85 % of anhydrous bioethanol, and various different mixes of regular petrol components and some specific species like ETBE, butane, iso-butanol etc. As a reference, new Euro-quality 95E10 petrol with 10 % ethanol was used. Fuel vapour pressure of each sample was adjusted according to test temperatures to match summer or winter condition and ensure effortless start-up. Test results showed that the composition of the fuel had marked influence on emissions. The lower the test temperature was, the more distinctive were the differences. Based on the results, about -15°C would be the lower limit of operation with "straight" E85 mixture composed ethanol and petrol. On the other hand the more "engineered" fuels performed much better, and allowed starting as low as at -20 to -25°C. Cold start and driving was possible at equal level of unburned hydrocarbons and other unwanted emissions (aldehydes, ethanol) at an ambient temperature more than 10°C lower compared to "straight" E85 fuel

KW - Cold ambient conditions

KW - E85

KW - exhaust emissions

KW - fuel composition

KW - waste-to-fuel

U2 - 10.1007/978-3-642-33777-2_15

DO - 10.1007/978-3-642-33777-2_15

M3 - Conference article in proceedings

SN - 978-3-642-33776-5

T3 - Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering

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EP - 209

BT - Proceedings of the FISITA 2012 World Automotive Congress

PB - Springer

T2 - FISITA 2012 World Automotive Congress

Y2 - 27 November 2012 through 30 November 2012

ER -

High-concentration ethanol fuels for cold driving conditions

Abstract

Publication series

Conference

Keywords

UN SDGs

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