Highly specific layers and non-label detection methods

We show that the oriented highly specific layer exhibits a five-fold higher response to antigen than antibody F(ab)2-fragments that are randomly adsorbed on the sensor surface. With surface plasmon resonance CRP has been detected from serum patient samples with a detection limit that is 1000-fold of that needed for detecting cardiovascular deceases. We also report on a new concept applied to develop a synthetic receptor layer that has the same response as that of the oriented antibody layer. Very high sensitivity and selectivity of the sensing layers are even more important when non-label detection methods are used. The critical aspects of the design of a non-label molecular sensor is reported.