Human-Centric Approach for Developing XR Applications in the Space Domain

This paper introduces the human-centric approach for developing the extended reality (XR) applications in the space domain. XR applications for supporting high-knowledge, high-value work have been developed in five projects in collaboration with the European Space Agency (ESA). These projects include (1) EdcAR, which focuses on augmented reality for assembly, integration, testing and validation (AIT/AIV), and orbit operations; (2) mobiPV4Hololens, which brings the international space station (ISS) procedure viewing to HoloLens; (3) AROGAN, which is based on augmented reality for ISS and ground applications; (4) VirWAIT, which creates a virtual workplace for AIT & product assurance (PA) training and operations support; and (5) DPIAR, which digitalizes procedures and introduces augmented reality. Development began in 2016, and the system is currently being implemented in the ESA Test Centre’s. The consecutive projects formed the four phases of development process: The first phase focused on demonstrating proof-of-concept, the second phase on establishing connections to space systems, and subsequent phases on developing features based on user needs and integrating connections to the ESA Test Centre ’s sensor systems. This phased approach ensured that the system evolved in a structured manner, addressing both technical and user-centric requirements at each stage. All these projects employed a human-centric approach in their development, incorporating the most suitable parts of the standard ISO 9241-210 (2019) on ergonomics of human-system interaction. This standard emphasizes the importance of designing systems that are both effective and satisfying for users. Based on four development cycles, the XR environment combined with human-centric evaluation and design has proven to be a powerful method from early-stage proof-of-concept to actual implementation. Throughout the process, potential users have been able to provide valuable feedback, enhancing the novel tool's ability to support high-knowledge, high-value work. This iterative feedback loop has been crucial in refining the applications to better meet the needs of the users, ensuring that the final product is both functional and user-friendly.