TY - JOUR
T1 - Hybrid Thermal Modeling to Predict LED Thermal Behavior in Hybrid Electronics
AU - Hannila, Esa
AU - Heinilehto, Noora
AU - Remes, Kari
AU - Lauri, Janne
AU - Keranen, Kimmo
AU - Fabritius, Tapio
N1 - Funding Information:
Manuscript received July 14, 2020; revised November 3, 2020; accepted November 23, 2020. Date of publication December 8, 2020; date of current version December 30, 2020. This work was supported in part by the Business Finland Funded Project under Grant Dnro 3944/31/2014, in part by the Academy of Finland’s FIRI Funding under Grant 320017, and in part by the European Regional Development Fund’s Novel Digitally Fabricated Materials for Electronics, Optics and Medical Applications under Grant A74080. The Associate Editor coordinating the review process was Yuan Gao. (Corresponding author: Esa Hannila.) Esa Hannila, Kari Remes, Janne Lauri, and Tapio Fabritius are with the Optoelectronics and Measurement Techniques Research Unit, Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering (ITEE), University of Oulu, 90570 Oulu, Finland (e-mail: esa.hannila@oulu.fi).
PY - 2021
Y1 - 2021
N2 - Hybrid structural electronics (HSE) consists of printed electronics, conventional rigid electronics, and load-bearing supporting parts of a device (plastic, glass etc.). Extra-large area and flexible lighting elements with embedded light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are an example of such applications. LEDs can be used, for example, as light sources, to create smart surfaces for the architectural or automotive industry. Once the LEDs are embedded into the structure, they cannot be replaced. To make sustainable HSE products with long lifetime, the new type of designs is needed. The elements of HSE undergo conditions with elevated thermal stresses while in operation. That is known to have an impact on their performance and lifetime, thus making a proper heat management of the LED crucial. Due to the novel additive manufacturing methods, structures, and unconventional material combinations, many thermal management related aspects are not known. In this study, a two-step hybrid method, including thermal modeling and measurements, is used to estimate the thermal behavior of a surface-mounted LED on polymer substrate used in HSE. The model is created and simulated in COMSOL Multiphysics. The validity and accuracy of the model's thermal behavior are verified through measurements with thermal transient measurements. Based on the experimental verification, the proposed simulation model only has small (less than 2%) temperature variations when compared with measurements. Hence, the developed model can be used as a basis for designing structural LED elements and predicting their performance characteristics in different user cases.
AB - Hybrid structural electronics (HSE) consists of printed electronics, conventional rigid electronics, and load-bearing supporting parts of a device (plastic, glass etc.). Extra-large area and flexible lighting elements with embedded light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are an example of such applications. LEDs can be used, for example, as light sources, to create smart surfaces for the architectural or automotive industry. Once the LEDs are embedded into the structure, they cannot be replaced. To make sustainable HSE products with long lifetime, the new type of designs is needed. The elements of HSE undergo conditions with elevated thermal stresses while in operation. That is known to have an impact on their performance and lifetime, thus making a proper heat management of the LED crucial. Due to the novel additive manufacturing methods, structures, and unconventional material combinations, many thermal management related aspects are not known. In this study, a two-step hybrid method, including thermal modeling and measurements, is used to estimate the thermal behavior of a surface-mounted LED on polymer substrate used in HSE. The model is created and simulated in COMSOL Multiphysics. The validity and accuracy of the model's thermal behavior are verified through measurements with thermal transient measurements. Based on the experimental verification, the proposed simulation model only has small (less than 2%) temperature variations when compared with measurements. Hence, the developed model can be used as a basis for designing structural LED elements and predicting their performance characteristics in different user cases.
KW - Hybrid electronics (HE)
KW - junction temperature
KW - lifetime
KW - model verification
KW - printed electronics
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85097940733&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1109/TIM.2020.3043112
DO - 10.1109/TIM.2020.3043112
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85097940733
VL - 70
JO - IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement
JF - IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement
SN - 0018-9456
M1 - 9286559
ER -