Impact pathways: geo-operations for turning plastic waste into carbon capture

Purpose – We explore how an operations and supply chain approach to geo-engineering can enhance circular economy approaches and mitigate climate change. We illustrate how such geo-operations – specifically the combination of plastics and biowaste processing – can be systematically leveraged for carbon capture. Design/methodology/approach – The study applies production theory and operations management perspectives to develop a carbon transfer model. It traces carbon flows through the extended plastics supply chain and interconnected natural systems, from raw material inputs, through production and reuse cycles, to the ultimate disposal. By mapping carbon transfers between natural systems and artificial systems, the framework highlights the systemic impact pathways for operations and supply chain management. Findings – Single interventions such as bio-based materials, chemical recycling or policy instruments have limited impact in isolation. However, when combined systemically, these individual solutions can form geo-engineering operational pathways that draw out atmospheric carbon and refossilize it, thus transforming the plastics technosphere from a source of emissions to a means for carbon capture. Research limitations/implications – The study is conceptual and develops theoretical propositions on systemic impact, rather than presenting empirical findings. Future research should empirically investigate the feasibility, scale and trade-offs of the proposed geo-operations pathways. Practical implications – The carbon transfer model and impact pathways guide policymakers, producers and waste managers on integrating the circular economy and geo-operations for climate change mitigation and carbon capture. Social implications – By reframing plastics not only as a source of problematic waste but also as a possible vehicle for climate mitigation, the paper suggests new opportunities and responsibilities for industry and society. Originality/value – This paper proposes the development of geo-operations as a systemic pathway for integrating circular economy and carbon sequestration interventions. It also presents a framework to assess the impact of combinations of interventions on carbon flows.