Implementation of IPPC-directive: Development of a new generation methodology and a case study in pulp industry

This study is an attempt to answer the question "What kind of aspects could appear when implementing IPPC and how to deal with them?" During the study this question was attacked with methodology development and test usage. These actions were expected to result in a practical and ease way to apply IPPC principles. This development work has resulted in 1) few prototype methods and tools for practical calculations for comparing process alternatives and 2) for making evaluations of process alternatives with environmental, economical and technical aspect. The methodology is expected to help industry by them selves and together with authorities to create and evaluate cost- and eco-effective alternatives. This study arises crucial questions: "how IPPC Articles are to be interpreted by authorities and how industry can utilise the new permit procedures"? While IPPC does not give any practical methods for how to study streams on air, water and soil as being inherently connected to each other via process (Article 6 and Article 9 item 3), now prototyped tools - CALORIE (top-down approach) and SMARTMASS (bottom-up approach) - has been proposed and demonstrated with investment and emission parameters and with elementary mass balance data. These prototyped methods enhance to set-up mass balance measurements and calculations revealing the circulation of components and mass balance connections between various waste streams. This data - flows and concentrations - can even be lifted up as additional investment criteria. These kinds of approaches should be available for industry and authorities when implementing IPPC directive.