Implications of the New EU Maritime Emission Monitoring Regulation on Ship Transportation of CO₂

In the framework of the CCSP R&D program, the regulatory gaps have been assessed at VTT using the current monitoring rules for capture, pipeline transportation and geological storage of CO₂ as a benchmark. The scope of the presented work includes: (i) definition of CO₂ emissions from ship transportation of CO₂; (ii) review of EU regulations on MRV of maritime CO₂ emissions; and (iii) review of the MRV regulation on capture, transport and geological storage of CO₂ under the EU-ETS. The considered activities related to ship transportation of CO₂ are liquefaction and intermediate storage with recirculation loop for boil-off CO₂, loading and unloading facilities and CO₂ transportation and handling during the ship voyage. Identification of the regulatory gaps, based on the above, shows what is needed to enable ship transportation of CO₂ for geological storage in Europe. Based on the results, maritime transportation for CCS could be made possible with very limited new emission monitoring and verification practices. Also the trade-offs of using an MRV regulation analogous to pipeline transportation of CO₂ is discussed in the results.