Improving mechanical properties of novel flax/tannin composites through different chemical treatments

J. Zhu; H. Zhu; Kirsi Immonen; J. Brighton; H. Abhyankar

doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.01.052

Improving mechanical properties of novel flax/tannin composites through different chemical treatments

J. Zhu, H. Zhu, Kirsi Immonen, J. Brighton, H. Abhyankar (Corresponding Author)

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Scientific › peer-review

17 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Due to the inherent environmental benefits of using renewable materials, mimosa tannin resin (a natural phenolic resin) reinforced by flax fibres could offer desirable characteristics (lightweight, economic and low environmental impact) aiming at reducing carbon footprint of superlight electric vehicles. The non-woven flax mats were chemically treated (alkali, acetylation, silane and enzymatic treatment) to prepare tannin composites through compression moulding (130 °C/35 min/1.5 MPa). The change in fibre morphology was seen in SEM (scanning electronic microscope) images. The treatments (except enzymatic) showed significant improvement in tensile properties, along with enhancement (acetylation) in flexural properties, but little effect on impact resistance for all treatments. APS (aminopropyl triethoxy siloxane) treated composites showed highest tensile strength of 60 MPa and modulus of 7.5 GPa. BTCA (butanetetracarboxylic acid) treatment led to the highest flexural strength of up to 70 MPa. NaOH treatment retained the impact failure force of about 0.5 kN and sustained the saturation energy (4.86 J) compared to untreated composites (4.80 J).

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	346-354
Journal	Industrial Crops and Products
Volume	67
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.01.052
Publication status	Published - 2015
MoE publication type	A1 Journal article-refereed

Keywords

flax Bio-composites
tannin
mechanical performances and surface treatments

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following Sustainable Development Goal(s)

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title = "Improving mechanical properties of novel flax/tannin composites through different chemical treatments",

abstract = "Due to the inherent environmental benefits of using renewable materials, mimosa tannin resin (a natural phenolic resin) reinforced by flax fibres could offer desirable characteristics (lightweight, economic and low environmental impact) aiming at reducing carbon footprint of superlight electric vehicles. The non-woven flax mats were chemically treated (alkali, acetylation, silane and enzymatic treatment) to prepare tannin composites through compression moulding (130 °C/35 min/1.5 MPa). The change in fibre morphology was seen in SEM (scanning electronic microscope) images. The treatments (except enzymatic) showed significant improvement in tensile properties, along with enhancement (acetylation) in flexural properties, but little effect on impact resistance for all treatments. APS (aminopropyl triethoxy siloxane) treated composites showed highest tensile strength of 60 MPa and modulus of 7.5 GPa. BTCA (butanetetracarboxylic acid) treatment led to the highest flexural strength of up to 70 MPa. NaOH treatment retained the impact failure force of about 0.5 kN and sustained the saturation energy (4.86 J) compared to untreated composites (4.80 J).",

keywords = "flax Bio-composites, tannin, mechanical performances and surface treatments",

author = "J. Zhu and H. Zhu and Kirsi Immonen and J. Brighton and H. Abhyankar",

note = "Project code: 70473 ",

year = "2015",

doi = "10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.01.052",

language = "English",

volume = "67",

pages = "346--354",

journal = "Industrial Crops and Products",

issn = "0926-6690",

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T1 - Improving mechanical properties of novel flax/tannin composites through different chemical treatments

AU - Zhu, J.

AU - Zhu, H.

AU - Immonen, Kirsi

AU - Brighton, J.

AU - Abhyankar, H.

N1 - Project code: 70473

PY - 2015

Y1 - 2015

N2 - Due to the inherent environmental benefits of using renewable materials, mimosa tannin resin (a natural phenolic resin) reinforced by flax fibres could offer desirable characteristics (lightweight, economic and low environmental impact) aiming at reducing carbon footprint of superlight electric vehicles. The non-woven flax mats were chemically treated (alkali, acetylation, silane and enzymatic treatment) to prepare tannin composites through compression moulding (130 °C/35 min/1.5 MPa). The change in fibre morphology was seen in SEM (scanning electronic microscope) images. The treatments (except enzymatic) showed significant improvement in tensile properties, along with enhancement (acetylation) in flexural properties, but little effect on impact resistance for all treatments. APS (aminopropyl triethoxy siloxane) treated composites showed highest tensile strength of 60 MPa and modulus of 7.5 GPa. BTCA (butanetetracarboxylic acid) treatment led to the highest flexural strength of up to 70 MPa. NaOH treatment retained the impact failure force of about 0.5 kN and sustained the saturation energy (4.86 J) compared to untreated composites (4.80 J).

AB - Due to the inherent environmental benefits of using renewable materials, mimosa tannin resin (a natural phenolic resin) reinforced by flax fibres could offer desirable characteristics (lightweight, economic and low environmental impact) aiming at reducing carbon footprint of superlight electric vehicles. The non-woven flax mats were chemically treated (alkali, acetylation, silane and enzymatic treatment) to prepare tannin composites through compression moulding (130 °C/35 min/1.5 MPa). The change in fibre morphology was seen in SEM (scanning electronic microscope) images. The treatments (except enzymatic) showed significant improvement in tensile properties, along with enhancement (acetylation) in flexural properties, but little effect on impact resistance for all treatments. APS (aminopropyl triethoxy siloxane) treated composites showed highest tensile strength of 60 MPa and modulus of 7.5 GPa. BTCA (butanetetracarboxylic acid) treatment led to the highest flexural strength of up to 70 MPa. NaOH treatment retained the impact failure force of about 0.5 kN and sustained the saturation energy (4.86 J) compared to untreated composites (4.80 J).

KW - flax Bio-composites

KW - tannin

KW - mechanical performances and surface treatments

U2 - 10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.01.052

DO - 10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.01.052

M3 - Article

VL - 67

SP - 346

EP - 354

JO - Industrial Crops and Products

JF - Industrial Crops and Products

SN - 0926-6690

ER -