Abstract
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 163-169 |
| Journal | Analytica Chimica Acta |
| Volume | 662 |
| Issue number | 2 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 2010 |
| MoE publication type | A1 Journal article-refereed |
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Keywords
- Atmospheric pressure ionization
- Liquid chromatography
- Mass spectrometry
- Microchip
- Miniaturization
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Integrated liquid chromatography-heated nebulizer microchip for mass spectrometry. / Haapala, Markus; Saarela, Ville; Pól, Jaroslav; Kolari, Kai; Kotiaho, Tapio; Franssila, Sami; Kostiainen, Risto (Corresponding Author).
In: Analytica Chimica Acta, Vol. 662, No. 2, 2010, p. 163-169.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Scientific › peer-review
TY - JOUR
T1 - Integrated liquid chromatography-heated nebulizer microchip for mass spectrometry
AU - Haapala, Markus
AU - Saarela, Ville
AU - Pól, Jaroslav
AU - Kolari, Kai
AU - Kotiaho, Tapio
AU - Franssila, Sami
AU - Kostiainen, Risto
PY - 2010
Y1 - 2010
N2 - A new integrated microchip for liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) is presented. The chip is made from bonded silicon and glass wafers with structures for a packed LC column channel, a micropillar frit, a channel for optional optical detection, and a heated vaporizer section etched in silicon and platinum heater elements on the glass cover. LC eluent is vaporized and mixed with nebulizer gas in the vaporizer section and the vapor is sprayed out from the chip. Nonpolar and polar analytes can be efficiently ionized in the gas phase by atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI) as demonstrated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs). This is not achievable with present LC–MS chips, since they are based on electrospray ionization, which is not able to ionize nonpolar compounds efficiently. The preliminary quantitative performance of the new chip was evaluated in terms of limit of detection (down to 5 ng mL−1), linearity (r > 0.999), and repeatability of signal response (RSD = 2.6–4.0%) and retention time (RSD = 0.3–0.5%) using APPI for ionization and PAHs as standard compounds. Determination of fluorescent compounds is demonstrated by using laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) for detection in the optical detection channel before the vaporizer section.
AB - A new integrated microchip for liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) is presented. The chip is made from bonded silicon and glass wafers with structures for a packed LC column channel, a micropillar frit, a channel for optional optical detection, and a heated vaporizer section etched in silicon and platinum heater elements on the glass cover. LC eluent is vaporized and mixed with nebulizer gas in the vaporizer section and the vapor is sprayed out from the chip. Nonpolar and polar analytes can be efficiently ionized in the gas phase by atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI) as demonstrated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs). This is not achievable with present LC–MS chips, since they are based on electrospray ionization, which is not able to ionize nonpolar compounds efficiently. The preliminary quantitative performance of the new chip was evaluated in terms of limit of detection (down to 5 ng mL−1), linearity (r > 0.999), and repeatability of signal response (RSD = 2.6–4.0%) and retention time (RSD = 0.3–0.5%) using APPI for ionization and PAHs as standard compounds. Determination of fluorescent compounds is demonstrated by using laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) for detection in the optical detection channel before the vaporizer section.
KW - Atmospheric pressure ionization
KW - Liquid chromatography
KW - Mass spectrometry
KW - Microchip
KW - Miniaturization
U2 - 10.1016/j.aca.2010.01.005
DO - 10.1016/j.aca.2010.01.005
M3 - Article
VL - 662
SP - 163
EP - 169
JO - Analytica Chimica Acta
JF - Analytica Chimica Acta
SN - 0003-2670
IS - 2
ER -