International cooperation needed for nano standardization: Efforts should focus on harmonizing terminology used, characterization of cellulosic nanoscale materials, and methods for testing the health and safety of these materials

International cooperation is required by forest products owners and pulp and paper mills in order to support the use of different nanocelluloses in product development. They should focus on harmonizing terminology used, characterization of cellulosic nanoscale materials, and methods for testing the health and safety of these materials. All stakeholders will benefit if future nano/microcellulose production can be supported with reliable and repeatable standard measurements from independent research laboratories. Standardization will support the commercialization of the novel materials; products with constant quality characteristics can be produced only when we can guarantee that measuring methods used for quality control are reliable and repeatable. Different kinds of nano- and microscale cellulose materials can be used for multiple industrial products and numerous consumer and well-being applications. All nanomaterials intended for testing in safety studies must therefore be characterized sufficiently beforehand.