@inproceedings{9a901f1770bc4d7a9dfd08f7fad64aee,
title = "Irradiation embrittlement mitigation",
abstract = "Mitigation methods for reducing the irradiation damage on pressure vessel materials are reviewed: load leakage loading schemes are commonly used in PWRs to mitigate reactor pressure vessel embrittlement; dummy assemblies have been applied in WWER 440-type and in some old western power plants, when exceptional fast embrittlement has been encountered; shielding of the pressure vessel has been developed, but is not in common use; pre-stressing the pressure vessel has been proposed for preventing PTS failures, but its applicability is not yet demonstrated. The large number of successful annealing treatments performed in WWER 440 type reactors as well as research on the effects of annealing treatments suggest applications for western PWRs. The emergency core cooling systems have been modified in WWER 440-type reactors in connection with other mitigation measures.",
author = "Kari T{\"o}rr{\"o}nen and Reijo Pelli and Tapio Planman and Matti Valo",
note = "CA: MET CA: REA Project code: MET30182; 1993 Specialists' Meeting on Irradiation Embrittlement and Optimization of Annealing ; Conference date: 20-09-1993 Through 23-09-1993",
year = "1993",
language = "English",
series = "INIS Report",
publisher = "International Atomic Energy Agency IAEA",
number = "NEA-CSNI-R--94-1",
pages = "351--379",
booktitle = "Specialists' Meeting on Irradiation Embrittlement and Optimization of Annealing",
}