Laser Powder Bed Fusion Of High Carbon Tool Steels

Joni Reijonen; Atte Antikainen; Juha Lagerbom; Matti Lindroos; Tatu Pinomaa; Tomi Lindroos

Laser Powder Bed Fusion Of High Carbon Tool Steels

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference article in proceedings › Scientific › peer-review

1 Citation (Scopus)

Abstract

Tool steels are martensitic steels alloyed with carbide forming elements, thus having high strength, hardness and wear resistance. These characteristics, however, make them costly materials to shape into complex geometries. Laser powder bed fusion (PBF-LB) enables the consolidation of near-net-shape complex shapes from powders, which is a highly resource efficient way of producing tools. However, processing tool steels with PBF-LB is problematic due to hardening and segregation generated during the process leading to high stresses and eventually to cracking. To diminish these problems, we utilized a tailored high temperature building platform in PBF-LB to process gas atomized high carbon tool steels such as K110, S600 and 1.4122. Calphad method was used to evaluate the stress formation and cracking tendency of these alloys. The microstructure, hardness and tendency to form residual stresses of the manufactured samples were characterised. Properties comparable to conventionally manufactured quenched and annealed tools steels were achieved.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	World PM 2022 Congress Proceedings
Publisher	European Powder Metallurgy Association (EPMA)
ISBN (Electronic)	978-1-899072-55-2
Publication status	Published - 2022
MoE publication type	A4 Article in a conference publication
Event	World PM 2022 Congress and Exhibition - Lyon, France Duration: 9 Oct 2022 → 13 Oct 2022

Conference

Conference	World PM 2022 Congress and Exhibition
Country/Territory	France
City	Lyon
Period	9/10/22 → 13/10/22

Funding

The authors would like to thank Mika Heikkinen for gas atomization, Kimmo Ruusuvuori for operating the SLM 125 HL system, Hanna Iitti for the sample preparation, optical microscopy and hardness measurements and Jari Lydman for the SEM images. Financial support by VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland is gratefully acknowledged.

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

SDG 9 Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure

Keywords

Additive manufacturing

Cite this

@inproceedings{d88f019b6b0b42c085cf31ec1e537ed2,

title = "Laser Powder Bed Fusion Of High Carbon Tool Steels",

abstract = "Tool steels are martensitic steels alloyed with carbide forming elements, thus having high strength, hardness and wear resistance. These characteristics, however, make them costly materials to shape into complex geometries. Laser powder bed fusion (PBF-LB) enables the consolidation of near-net-shape complex shapes from powders, which is a highly resource efficient way of producing tools. However, processing tool steels with PBF-LB is problematic due to hardening and segregation generated during the process leading to high stresses and eventually to cracking. To diminish these problems, we utilized a tailored high temperature building platform in PBF-LB to process gas atomized high carbon tool steels such as K110, S600 and 1.4122. Calphad method was used to evaluate the stress formation and cracking tendency of these alloys. The microstructure, hardness and tendency to form residual stresses of the manufactured samples were characterised. Properties comparable to conventionally manufactured quenched and annealed tools steels were achieved.",

keywords = "Additive manufacturing",

author = "Joni Reijonen and Atte Antikainen and Juha Lagerbom and Matti Lindroos and Tatu Pinomaa and Tomi Lindroos",

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year = "2022",

language = "English",

booktitle = "World PM 2022 Congress Proceedings",

publisher = "European Powder Metallurgy Association (EPMA)",

address = "United Kingdom",

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TY - GEN

T1 - Laser Powder Bed Fusion Of High Carbon Tool Steels

AU - Reijonen, Joni

AU - Antikainen, Atte

AU - Lagerbom, Juha

AU - Lindroos, Matti

AU - Pinomaa, Tatu

AU - Lindroos, Tomi

PY - 2022

Y1 - 2022

N2 - Tool steels are martensitic steels alloyed with carbide forming elements, thus having high strength, hardness and wear resistance. These characteristics, however, make them costly materials to shape into complex geometries. Laser powder bed fusion (PBF-LB) enables the consolidation of near-net-shape complex shapes from powders, which is a highly resource efficient way of producing tools. However, processing tool steels with PBF-LB is problematic due to hardening and segregation generated during the process leading to high stresses and eventually to cracking. To diminish these problems, we utilized a tailored high temperature building platform in PBF-LB to process gas atomized high carbon tool steels such as K110, S600 and 1.4122. Calphad method was used to evaluate the stress formation and cracking tendency of these alloys. The microstructure, hardness and tendency to form residual stresses of the manufactured samples were characterised. Properties comparable to conventionally manufactured quenched and annealed tools steels were achieved.

AB - Tool steels are martensitic steels alloyed with carbide forming elements, thus having high strength, hardness and wear resistance. These characteristics, however, make them costly materials to shape into complex geometries. Laser powder bed fusion (PBF-LB) enables the consolidation of near-net-shape complex shapes from powders, which is a highly resource efficient way of producing tools. However, processing tool steels with PBF-LB is problematic due to hardening and segregation generated during the process leading to high stresses and eventually to cracking. To diminish these problems, we utilized a tailored high temperature building platform in PBF-LB to process gas atomized high carbon tool steels such as K110, S600 and 1.4122. Calphad method was used to evaluate the stress formation and cracking tendency of these alloys. The microstructure, hardness and tendency to form residual stresses of the manufactured samples were characterised. Properties comparable to conventionally manufactured quenched and annealed tools steels were achieved.

KW - Additive manufacturing

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85141733028

M3 - Conference article in proceedings

AN - SCOPUS:85141733028

BT - World PM 2022 Congress Proceedings

PB - European Powder Metallurgy Association (EPMA)

T2 - World PM 2022 Congress and Exhibition

Y2 - 9 October 2022 through 13 October 2022

ER -

Laser Powder Bed Fusion Of High Carbon Tool Steels

Abstract

Conference

Funding

UN SDGs

Keywords

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