Liquid–Liquid Extraction of Acetic Acid with 2-Methyltetrahydrofuran: Experiments, Process Modeling, and Economics

Acetic acid production from renewable processes such as biomass hydrolysis and electrochemical reduction of CO₂ exhibits low concentrations, which make downstream separation challenging. We measured the vapor–liquid equilibria of the binary systems acetic acid + 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2-MTHF), methyl-t-butyl ether (MTBE) + acetic acid, and the ternary liquid–liquid equilibria of the system 2-MTHF + AA + water, fitted the data to the UNIQUAC-HOC and NRTL models, designed a hybrid extraction-distillation process for acetic acid separation with 2-MTHF, and evaluated its economics and compared with that of three other commonly used solvents (i.e., ethyl acetate, MTBE, and methyl propyl ketone). The lowest and highest costs of separation were observed for MTBE and MPK, while 2-MTHF and EA showed similar performance. The cost of separation increased exponentially as the feed concentration decreased, and renewable processes should aim for at least 5 wt % acetic acid in the feed to allow economically feasible separation.