Literature review of business cases in 3Os

ZOOOM Project aims to increase awareness of the importance of intellectual property generation and management in collaborative innovation ecosystems from the perspective of free and open source software, open hardware and open data (in short, the 3Os).

The core objective of ZOOOM Project lies in in supporting the relevant stakeholders in the ecosystems to match business models with appropriate 3Os licensing frameworks. ZOOOM approaches this goal from a case perspective focusing on four emerging technologies: artificial intelligence, quantum technologies and Internet of Trust, blockchain, and robotics (in short, the 4Es).

This Deliverable D2.1 ‘Literature review of business cases in 3Os’ aims to collect the core existing and available information relating to ZOOOM objectives and give a solid basis for implementing the further steps of the project: case studies, ecosystem study and framework building.

The deliverable studies the business aspects relating to 3Os through a two-fold approach. The academic literature review forms the basis for understanding value creation and business models in 3Os. It is supplemented by a review of professional literature (white papers, empirical papers, project reports and other sources of information) that sheds light to issues that are difficult to address from an academic perspective.

The focus of the analytical phase of the academic literature review is on case studies, best practices, main licensing strategies, and main business models, which are collected into tables (Table 5, pp. 43, and Table 6, pp. 45). They give a quick overview of the key papers and practices in the areas of 3Os and 4Es. The analysis is concluded with a discussion of emerging questions, problems and major insights emerging from the literature, focusing mostly on business aspects (models, value creation, value capture), barriers and opportunities, innovation through open knowledge and ecosystem level considerations.

Professional literature aims to complement the academic literature review especially from the perspective of 4Es. It identifies current start-up business activities around 3Os and 4Es and analyses white papers from the perspective of potential value in 4Es. In addition, it supplements the academic literature discussion on the 3Os business models and value creation from the point of view of other than academic sources, such as professional literature, white papers, reports, online sources and highlights some of the concurrent topics and trends.