Maritime Multi-Hop Communication over 5G Networks: An Indoor Testbed Implementation and Evaluation

Seppo Horsmanheimo; Lotta Tuomimäki; Andrea Gentili; Johan Scholliers; Arvi Sadam; Kati Kõrbe Kaare

doi:10.1109/VTC2024-Fall63153.2024.10757897

Maritime Multi-Hop Communication over 5G Networks: An Indoor Testbed Implementation and Evaluation

Seppo Horsmanheimo, Lotta Tuomimäki, Andrea Gentili, Johan Scholliers, Arvi Sadam, Kati Kõrbe Kaare

BA6401 Connectivity solutions

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference article in proceedings › Scientific › peer-review

Abstract

5G is designed to offer reliable, low latency, and high bandwidth connectivity for different industry sectors. Yet, the limited 5G coverage and capacity in open sea areas pose challenges for maritime sector. Consequently, there is a shift from public 5G non-standalone (NSA) networks to private 5G standalone (SA) networks enabling more industry-tailored network configurations. In addition, new 5G features such as 5G Mobile Integrated Access and Backhaul (mIAB), Non-Public Network - Public Network (NPN-PN) interaction, and Non-Terrestrial Network (NTN) connectivity pave way to extend the 5G coverage and enhance capacity. This paper describes our lab testbed implementation and the insights we gained from the performance and challenges of a 5G multi-hop system in the context of maritime applications. The results indicate that the asymmetric 5G UL/DL ratio and increased latency due to overlay link management and signaling through multiple 5G RANs and 5G cores are areas for improvements. However, the experience obtained from the indoor tests has provided confidence to continue with the mobile multi-hop architecture for implementation in moving vehicles and vessels.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	2024 IEEE 100th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2024-Fall)
Publisher	IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers
Number of pages	6
ISBN (Electronic)	979-8-3315-1778-6
ISBN (Print)	979-8-3315-1779-3
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/VTC2024-Fall63153.2024.10757897
Publication status	Published - 28 Nov 2024
MoE publication type	A4 Article in a conference publication
Event	IEEE 100th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2024-Fall) - Ronald Reagan Building and International Trade Center, Washington DC, United States Duration: 7 Oct 2024 → 10 Oct 2024 https://events.vtsociety.org/vtc2024-fall/

Conference

Conference	IEEE 100th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2024-Fall)
Abbreviated title	VTC2024-Fall
Country/Territory	United States
City	Washington DC
Period	7/10/24 → 10/10/24
Internet address	https://events.vtsociety.org/vtc2024-fall/

Funding

This research has received support from the 5G-ROUTES project (GA 951867), which is funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation program, and partially from the national research project IFORGE funded by Business Finland.

Keywords

Vehicular and wireless technologies
5G mobile communication
Sea measurements
Spread spectrum communication
Bandwidth
Telecommunication traffic
Gain measurement
Reliability engineering
Sea level
Backhaul networks

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Access to Document

10.1109/VTC2024-Fall63153.2024.10757897

Cite this

Horsmanheimo, S., Tuomimäki, L., Gentili, A., Scholliers, J., Sadam, A., & Kõrbe Kaare, K. (2024). Maritime Multi-Hop Communication over 5G Networks: An Indoor Testbed Implementation and Evaluation. In 2024 IEEE 100th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2024-Fall) IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers. https://doi.org/10.1109/VTC2024-Fall63153.2024.10757897

@inproceedings{3f030b4dc99f4aadafa540ca32b6b01a,

title = "Maritime Multi-Hop Communication over 5G Networks: An Indoor Testbed Implementation and Evaluation",

abstract = "5G is designed to offer reliable, low latency, and high bandwidth connectivity for different industry sectors. Yet, the limited 5G coverage and capacity in open sea areas pose challenges for maritime sector. Consequently, there is a shift from public 5G non-standalone (NSA) networks to private 5G standalone (SA) networks enabling more industry-tailored network configurations. In addition, new 5G features such as 5G Mobile Integrated Access and Backhaul (mIAB), Non-Public Network - Public Network (NPN-PN) interaction, and Non-Terrestrial Network (NTN) connectivity pave way to extend the 5G coverage and enhance capacity. This paper describes our lab testbed implementation and the insights we gained from the performance and challenges of a 5G multi-hop system in the context of maritime applications. The results indicate that the asymmetric 5G UL/DL ratio and increased latency due to overlay link management and signaling through multiple 5G RANs and 5G cores are areas for improvements. However, the experience obtained from the indoor tests has provided confidence to continue with the mobile multi-hop architecture for implementation in moving vehicles and vessels.",

keywords = "Vehicular and wireless technologies, 5G mobile communication, Sea measurements, Spread spectrum communication, Bandwidth, Telecommunication traffic, Gain measurement, Reliability engineering, Sea level, Backhaul networks",

author = "Seppo Horsmanheimo and Lotta Tuomim{\"a}ki and Andrea Gentili and Johan Scholliers and Arvi Sadam and {K{\~o}rbe Kaare}, Kati",

year = "2024",

month = nov,

day = "28",

doi = "10.1109/VTC2024-Fall63153.2024.10757897",

language = "English",

isbn = "979-8-3315-1779-3",

booktitle = "2024 IEEE 100th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2024-Fall)",

publisher = "IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers",

address = "United States",

note = "IEEE 100th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2024-Fall), VTC2024-Fall ; Conference date: 07-10-2024 Through 10-10-2024",

url = "https://events.vtsociety.org/vtc2024-fall/",

}

Horsmanheimo, S , Tuomimäki, L , Gentili, A , Scholliers, J, Sadam, A & Kõrbe Kaare, K 2024, Maritime Multi-Hop Communication over 5G Networks: An Indoor Testbed Implementation and Evaluation. in 2024 IEEE 100th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2024-Fall). IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, IEEE 100th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2024-Fall), Washington DC, District of Columbia, United States, 7/10/24. https://doi.org/10.1109/VTC2024-Fall63153.2024.10757897

Maritime Multi-Hop Communication over 5G Networks: An Indoor Testbed Implementation and Evaluation. / Horsmanheimo, Seppo ; Tuomimäki, Lotta ; Gentili, Andrea et al.
2024 IEEE 100th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2024-Fall). IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, 2024.

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference article in proceedings › Scientific › peer-review

TY - GEN

T1 - Maritime Multi-Hop Communication over 5G Networks: An Indoor Testbed Implementation and Evaluation

AU - Horsmanheimo, Seppo

AU - Tuomimäki, Lotta

AU - Gentili, Andrea

AU - Scholliers, Johan

AU - Sadam, Arvi

AU - Kõrbe Kaare, Kati

PY - 2024/11/28

Y1 - 2024/11/28

N2 - 5G is designed to offer reliable, low latency, and high bandwidth connectivity for different industry sectors. Yet, the limited 5G coverage and capacity in open sea areas pose challenges for maritime sector. Consequently, there is a shift from public 5G non-standalone (NSA) networks to private 5G standalone (SA) networks enabling more industry-tailored network configurations. In addition, new 5G features such as 5G Mobile Integrated Access and Backhaul (mIAB), Non-Public Network - Public Network (NPN-PN) interaction, and Non-Terrestrial Network (NTN) connectivity pave way to extend the 5G coverage and enhance capacity. This paper describes our lab testbed implementation and the insights we gained from the performance and challenges of a 5G multi-hop system in the context of maritime applications. The results indicate that the asymmetric 5G UL/DL ratio and increased latency due to overlay link management and signaling through multiple 5G RANs and 5G cores are areas for improvements. However, the experience obtained from the indoor tests has provided confidence to continue with the mobile multi-hop architecture for implementation in moving vehicles and vessels.

AB - 5G is designed to offer reliable, low latency, and high bandwidth connectivity for different industry sectors. Yet, the limited 5G coverage and capacity in open sea areas pose challenges for maritime sector. Consequently, there is a shift from public 5G non-standalone (NSA) networks to private 5G standalone (SA) networks enabling more industry-tailored network configurations. In addition, new 5G features such as 5G Mobile Integrated Access and Backhaul (mIAB), Non-Public Network - Public Network (NPN-PN) interaction, and Non-Terrestrial Network (NTN) connectivity pave way to extend the 5G coverage and enhance capacity. This paper describes our lab testbed implementation and the insights we gained from the performance and challenges of a 5G multi-hop system in the context of maritime applications. The results indicate that the asymmetric 5G UL/DL ratio and increased latency due to overlay link management and signaling through multiple 5G RANs and 5G cores are areas for improvements. However, the experience obtained from the indoor tests has provided confidence to continue with the mobile multi-hop architecture for implementation in moving vehicles and vessels.

KW - Vehicular and wireless technologies

KW - 5G mobile communication

KW - Sea measurements

KW - Spread spectrum communication

KW - Bandwidth

KW - Telecommunication traffic

KW - Gain measurement

KW - Reliability engineering

KW - Sea level

KW - Backhaul networks

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85213061154&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1109/VTC2024-Fall63153.2024.10757897

DO - 10.1109/VTC2024-Fall63153.2024.10757897

M3 - Conference article in proceedings

SN - 979-8-3315-1779-3

BT - 2024 IEEE 100th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2024-Fall)

PB - IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers

T2 - IEEE 100th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2024-Fall)

Y2 - 7 October 2024 through 10 October 2024

ER -

Maritime Multi-Hop Communication over 5G Networks: An Indoor Testbed Implementation and Evaluation

Abstract

Conference

Funding

Keywords

UN SDGs

Access to Document

Other files and links

Fingerprint

5G-ROUTES: 5th Generation connected and automated mobility cross-border EU trials

Cite this

Maritime Multi-Hop Communication over 5G Networks: An Indoor Testbed Implementation and Evaluation

Abstract

Conference

Funding

Keywords

UN SDGs

Access to Document

Other files and links

Fingerprint

Projects

5G-ROUTES: 5th Generation connected and automated mobility cross-border EU trials

Cite this