TY - JOUR
T1 - Mind the gap-deficits in our knowledge of aspects impacting the bioavailability of phytochemicals and their metabolites-a position paper focusing on carotenoids and polyphenols
AU - Bohn, Torsten
AU - Mcdougall, Gordon J.
AU - Alegría, Amparo
AU - Alminger, Marie
AU - Arrigoni, Eva
AU - Aura, Anna Marja
AU - Brito, Catarina
AU - Cilla, Antonio
AU - El, Sedef N.
AU - Karakaya, Sibel
AU - Martínez-Cuesta, Marie C.
AU - Santos, Claudia N.
PY - 2015/7
Y1 - 2015/7
N2 - Various secondary plant metabolites or phytochemicals, including polyphenols and carotenoids, have been associated with a variety of health benefits, such as reduced incidence of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and several types of cancer, most likely due to their involvement in ameliorating inflammation and oxidative stress. However, discrepancies exist between their putative effects when comparing observational and intervention studies, especially when using pure compounds. These discrepancies may in part be explained by differences in intake levels and their bioavailability. Prior to exerting their bioactivity, these compounds must be made bioavailable, and considerable differences may arise due to their matrix release, changes during digestion, uptake, metabolism, and biodistribution, even before considering dose- and host-related factors. Though many insights have been gained on factors affecting secondary plant metabolite bioavailability, many gaps still exist in our knowledge. In this position paper, we highlight several major gaps in our understanding of phytochemical bioavailability, including effects of food processing, changes during digestion, involvement of cellular transporters in influx/efflux through the gastrointestinal epithelium, changes during colonic fermentation, and their phase I and phase II metabolism following absorption.
AB - Various secondary plant metabolites or phytochemicals, including polyphenols and carotenoids, have been associated with a variety of health benefits, such as reduced incidence of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and several types of cancer, most likely due to their involvement in ameliorating inflammation and oxidative stress. However, discrepancies exist between their putative effects when comparing observational and intervention studies, especially when using pure compounds. These discrepancies may in part be explained by differences in intake levels and their bioavailability. Prior to exerting their bioactivity, these compounds must be made bioavailable, and considerable differences may arise due to their matrix release, changes during digestion, uptake, metabolism, and biodistribution, even before considering dose- and host-related factors. Though many insights have been gained on factors affecting secondary plant metabolite bioavailability, many gaps still exist in our knowledge. In this position paper, we highlight several major gaps in our understanding of phytochemical bioavailability, including effects of food processing, changes during digestion, involvement of cellular transporters in influx/efflux through the gastrointestinal epithelium, changes during colonic fermentation, and their phase I and phase II metabolism following absorption.
KW - Biotransformation
KW - Food processing
KW - Microbiota
KW - Mixed diet
KW - Transporters
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84934435166&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1002/mnfr.201400745
DO - 10.1002/mnfr.201400745
M3 - Review Article
C2 - 25988374
AN - SCOPUS:84934435166
SN - 1613-4125
VL - 59
SP - 1307
EP - 1323
JO - Molecular Nutrition and Food Research
JF - Molecular Nutrition and Food Research
IS - 7
ER -