TY - JOUR
T1 - Modeling Splitting and Spalling of Columnar Ice Compressed Biaxially
T2 - The Role of Crack Nucleation
AU - Kolari, Kari
N1 - Funding Information:
The author acknowledges the anonymous reviewers for their critical and constructive comments and Professor Erland M. Schulson and Dr. Daniel Iliescu for the valuable discussions on experimental observations. I am also very grateful to Juha Kuutti for his comments during the preparation of this manuscript. Many thanks also to Dr. David M. Cole and to. Dr Kari Santaoja for the discussions on the failure mechanisms of ice. This research was supported by the Academy of Finland (grant 268 925). This paper is theoretical and does not contain new data. The data used for the verification of the proposed theoretical model were gathered from the papers listed in the references.
Publisher Copyright:
©2019. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.
Copyright:
Copyright 2019 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2019/5/25
Y1 - 2019/5/25
N2 - Columnar ice exhibits three failure modes under increasing lateral confinement across the columns: splitting, Coulombic shear faulting, and spalling. Modeling of the splitting-to-spalling transition under increasing confined compression is considered here. Shear faulting is not considered. A three-dimensional crack nucleation model, based on a grain boundary sliding approach, is formulated to model brittle failure mechanisms under biaxial compression along and across the columns. The growth of the nucleated crack is based on the wing crack approach. The numerical results were in good agreement with experimental data for both across-column and along-column biaxial compression. The model shows that in columnar ice, crack nucleation preceded by sliding along tapered grain boundaries induces splitting-to-spalling transition under increasing confinement.
AB - Columnar ice exhibits three failure modes under increasing lateral confinement across the columns: splitting, Coulombic shear faulting, and spalling. Modeling of the splitting-to-spalling transition under increasing confined compression is considered here. Shear faulting is not considered. A three-dimensional crack nucleation model, based on a grain boundary sliding approach, is formulated to model brittle failure mechanisms under biaxial compression along and across the columns. The growth of the nucleated crack is based on the wing crack approach. The numerical results were in good agreement with experimental data for both across-column and along-column biaxial compression. The model shows that in columnar ice, crack nucleation preceded by sliding along tapered grain boundaries induces splitting-to-spalling transition under increasing confinement.
KW - anisotropic damage
KW - brittle failure
KW - columnar ice
KW - FE modeling
KW - splitting
KW - wing crack
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85063886207&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1029/2018JB017032
DO - 10.1029/2018JB017032
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85063886207
SN - 2169-9313
VL - 124
SP - 3271
EP - 3287
JO - Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth
JF - Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth
IS - 4
ER -