Modeling the impact of diverse extreme climate scenarios on residential buildings with renewable energy and storage in cold regions: A techno-economic analysis

In the future buildings needs to be energy resilient to tackle energy crises. This article introduces a concept for classifying the energy resilience of buildings in extreme cold warm weather of Finland during blackouts. It presents a techno-economic comparison between an old and a new single-family building integrated with photovoltaic (PV) systems and batteries, analyzing their resilience under extreme weather conditions. Using TRNSYS simulations, the study shows that the old building, without PV and battery, had a robustness duration of 1 to 3 hours and a degree of disruption (DoD) ranging from 0.545 to 0.299 in extreme cold to warm conditions respectively. With PV and battery, the DoD improved to 0.443 and 0, and the robustness duration increased. The new building's robustness duration ranged from 3 to 15 hours, with a DoD of 0.496 to 0.22 in extreme cold to warm conditions. With PV and battery, its DoD improved to between 0.29 and 0. A color-based classification system revealed that higher PV and battery capacity, at increased cost, were optimal for the old building under extreme cold scenarios. Other indicators varied based on building age and weather. The proposed resilience classification system could help improve building regulations, ensuring the development of more resilient buildings in the face of extreme weather.