Modelling of JET hybrid plasmas with emphasis on performance of combined ICRF and NBI heating

Daniel Gallart; M.J. Mantsinen; C. Challis; D. Frigione; J. Graves; E. Belonohy; F. Casson; A. Czarnecka; J. Eriksson; J. Garcia; M. Goniche; C. Hellesen; J. Hobirk; P. Jaquet; E. Joffrin; N. Krawczyk; D. King; M. Lennholm; E. Lerche; E. Pawelec; X. Sáez; M. Sertoli; G. Sips; E. Solano; M. Tsalas; P. Vallejos; M. Valisa; Leena Aho-Mantila; Markus Airila; Antti Hakola; Aaro Järvinen; Juuso Karhunen; Seppo Koivuranta; Aki Lahtinen; Jari Likonen; Antti Salmi; Paula Sirén; Tuomas Tala; JET Contributors

doi:10.1088/1741-4326/aad9ad

Modelling of JET hybrid plasmas with emphasis on performance of combined ICRF and NBI heating

Daniel Gallart (Corresponding Author), M.J. Mantsinen, C. Challis, D. Frigione, J. Graves, E. Belonohy, F. Casson, A. Czarnecka, J. Eriksson, J. Garcia, M. Goniche, C. Hellesen, J. Hobirk, P. Jaquet, E. Joffrin, N. Krawczyk, D. King, M. Lennholm, E. Lerche, E. PawelecX. Sáez, M. Sertoli, G. Sips, E. Solano, M. Tsalas, P. Vallejos, M. Valisa, Leena Aho-Mantila, Markus Airila, Antti Hakola, Aaro Järvinen, Juuso Karhunen, Seppo Koivuranta, Aki Lahtinen, Jari Likonen, Antti Salmi, Paula Sirén, Tuomas Tala, JET Contributors

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Abstract

During the 2015-2016 JET campaigns, many efforts have been devoted to the exploration of high-performance plasma scenarios envisaged for DT operation in JET. In this paper, we review various key recent hybrid discharges and model the combined ICRF+NBI heating. These deuterium discharges with deuterium beams had the ICRF antenna frequency tuned to match the cyclotron frequency of minority H at the centre of the tokamak coinciding with the second harmonic cyclotron resonance of D. The modelling takes into account the synergy between ICRF and NBI heating through the second harmonic cyclotron resonance of D beam ions, allowing us to assess its impact on the neutron rate R_NT. For discharges carried out with a fixed ICRF antenna frequency and changing toroidal magnetic field to vary the resonance position, we evaluate the influence of the resonance position on the heating performance and central impurity control. The H concentration is varied between discharges in order to test its role in the heating performance. It is found that discharges with a resonance beyond ∼0.15 m from the magnetic axis R₀ suffer from MHD activity and impurity accumulation in these plasma conditions. According to our modelling, the ICRF enhancement of R _NT increases with the ICRF power absorbed by deuterons as the H concentration decreases. We find that in the recent hybrid discharges, this ICRF enhancement varies due to a variation of H concentration and is in the range of 10%-25%. The modelling of a recent record high-performance hybrid discharge shows that ICRF fusion yield enhancement of ∼30% and ∼15% respectively can be achieved in the ramp-up phase and during the main heating phase. We extrapolate the results to DT and find that the best performing hybrid discharges correspond to an equivalent fusion power of ∼7.0 MW in DT. Finally, an optimization analysis of the bulk ion heating for the DT scenario reveals around 15%-20% larger bulk ion heating for the ³He minority scenario as compared to the H minority scenario.

Original language	English
Article number	106037
Journal	Nuclear Fusion
Volume	58
Issue number	10
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/aad9ad
Publication status	Published - 5 Sept 2018
MoE publication type	A1 Journal article-refereed

Keywords

fusion enhancement
ICRF heating
JET hybrid plasmas
NBI heating

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.1088/1741-4326/aad9ad

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Gallart, D., Mantsinen, M. J., Challis, C., Frigione, D., Graves, J., Belonohy, E., Casson, F., Czarnecka, A., Eriksson, J., Garcia, J., Goniche, M., Hellesen, C., Hobirk, J., Jaquet, P., Joffrin, E., Krawczyk, N., King, D., Lennholm, M., Lerche, E., ... JET Contributors (2018). Modelling of JET hybrid plasmas with emphasis on performance of combined ICRF and NBI heating. Nuclear Fusion, 58(10), Article 106037. https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/aad9ad

@article{3cf7bd3e454144f98bc6f8ebc48db2be,

title = "Modelling of JET hybrid plasmas with emphasis on performance of combined ICRF and NBI heating",

abstract = "During the 2015-2016 JET campaigns, many efforts have been devoted to the exploration of high-performance plasma scenarios envisaged for DT operation in JET. In this paper, we review various key recent hybrid discharges and model the combined ICRF+NBI heating. These deuterium discharges with deuterium beams had the ICRF antenna frequency tuned to match the cyclotron frequency of minority H at the centre of the tokamak coinciding with the second harmonic cyclotron resonance of D. The modelling takes into account the synergy between ICRF and NBI heating through the second harmonic cyclotron resonance of D beam ions, allowing us to assess its impact on the neutron rate RNT. For discharges carried out with a fixed ICRF antenna frequency and changing toroidal magnetic field to vary the resonance position, we evaluate the influence of the resonance position on the heating performance and central impurity control. The H concentration is varied between discharges in order to test its role in the heating performance. It is found that discharges with a resonance beyond ∼0.15 m from the magnetic axis R0 suffer from MHD activity and impurity accumulation in these plasma conditions. According to our modelling, the ICRF enhancement of R NT increases with the ICRF power absorbed by deuterons as the H concentration decreases. We find that in the recent hybrid discharges, this ICRF enhancement varies due to a variation of H concentration and is in the range of 10%-25%. The modelling of a recent record high-performance hybrid discharge shows that ICRF fusion yield enhancement of ∼30% and ∼15% respectively can be achieved in the ramp-up phase and during the main heating phase. We extrapolate the results to DT and find that the best performing hybrid discharges correspond to an equivalent fusion power of ∼7.0 MW in DT. Finally, an optimization analysis of the bulk ion heating for the DT scenario reveals around 15%-20% larger bulk ion heating for the 3He minority scenario as compared to the H minority scenario.",

keywords = "fusion enhancement, ICRF heating, JET hybrid plasmas, NBI heating",

author = "Daniel Gallart and M.J. Mantsinen and C. Challis and D. Frigione and J. Graves and E. Belonohy and F. Casson and A. Czarnecka and J. Eriksson and J. Garcia and M. Goniche and C. Hellesen and J. Hobirk and P. Jaquet and E. Joffrin and N. Krawczyk and D. King and M. Lennholm and E. Lerche and E. Pawelec and X. S{\'a}ez and M. Sertoli and G. Sips and E. Solano and M. Tsalas and P. Vallejos and M. Valisa and X. Litaudon and S. Abduallev and M. Abhangi and P. Abreu and M. Afzal and Aggarwal, {K. M.} and Leena Aho-Mantila and Markus Airila and Antti Hakola and Aaro J{\"a}rvinen and Juuso Karhunen and H.T. Kim and H.S. Kim and Seppo Koivuranta and Aki Lahtinen and Jari Likonen and Y. Liu and T. Makkonen and H. Nordman and Antti Salmi and M.I.K. Santala and Paula Sir{\'e}n and Tuomas Tala and {JET Contributors}",

note = "Funding Information: One of the authors (D. Gallart) would like to thank Dr. J.C. Wright and Dr. H. Weisen for carefully reading the present work and for their useful comments. D. Gallart would also like to thank Dr. P. Buratti for providing MHD related data. This work has been carried out within the framework of the EUROfusion Consortium and has received funding from the Euratom research and training programme 2014–2018 under grant agreement No 633053. The views and opinions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect those of the European Commission. D. Gallart is grateful to {\textquoteleft}la Caixa{\textquoteright} for supporting his PhD studies. This work has received funding from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) under grant ENE2015-67371-R. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} EURATOM 2018.",

year = "2018",

month = sep,

day = "5",

doi = "10.1088/1741-4326/aad9ad",

language = "English",

volume = "58",

journal = "Nuclear Fusion",

issn = "0029-5515",

publisher = "Institute of Physics IOP",

number = "10",

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Gallart, D, Mantsinen, MJ, Challis, C, Frigione, D, Graves, J, Belonohy, E, Casson, F, Czarnecka, A, Eriksson, J, Garcia, J, Goniche, M, Hellesen, C, Hobirk, J, Jaquet, P, Joffrin, E, Krawczyk, N, King, D, Lennholm, M, Lerche, E, Pawelec, E, Sáez, X, Sertoli, M, Sips, G, Solano, E, Tsalas, M, Vallejos, P, Valisa, M, Aho-Mantila, L , Airila, M , Hakola, A , Järvinen, A , Karhunen, J, Koivuranta, S, Lahtinen, A, Likonen, J , Salmi, A, Sirén, P, Tala, T & JET Contributors 2018, 'Modelling of JET hybrid plasmas with emphasis on performance of combined ICRF and NBI heating', Nuclear Fusion, vol. 58, no. 10, 106037. https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/aad9ad

TY - JOUR

T1 - Modelling of JET hybrid plasmas with emphasis on performance of combined ICRF and NBI heating

AU - Gallart, Daniel

AU - Mantsinen, M.J.

AU - Challis, C.

AU - Frigione, D.

AU - Graves, J.

AU - Belonohy, E.

AU - Casson, F.

AU - Czarnecka, A.

AU - Eriksson, J.

AU - Garcia, J.

AU - Goniche, M.

AU - Hellesen, C.

AU - Hobirk, J.

AU - Jaquet, P.

AU - Joffrin, E.

AU - Krawczyk, N.

AU - King, D.

AU - Lennholm, M.

AU - Lerche, E.

AU - Pawelec, E.

AU - Sáez, X.

AU - Sertoli, M.

AU - Sips, G.

AU - Solano, E.

AU - Tsalas, M.

AU - Vallejos, P.

AU - Valisa, M.

AU - Litaudon, X.

AU - Abduallev, S.

AU - Abhangi, M.

AU - Abreu, P.

AU - Afzal, M.

AU - Aggarwal, K. M.

AU - Aho-Mantila, Leena

AU - Airila, Markus

AU - Hakola, Antti

AU - Järvinen, Aaro

AU - Karhunen, Juuso

AU - Kim, H.T.

AU - Kim, H.S.

AU - Koivuranta, Seppo

AU - Lahtinen, Aki

AU - Likonen, Jari

AU - Liu, Y.

AU - Makkonen, T.

AU - Nordman, H.

AU - Salmi, Antti

AU - Santala, M.I.K.

AU - Sirén, Paula

AU - Tala, Tuomas

AU - JET Contributors

N1 - Funding Information: One of the authors (D. Gallart) would like to thank Dr. J.C. Wright and Dr. H. Weisen for carefully reading the present work and for their useful comments. D. Gallart would also like to thank Dr. P. Buratti for providing MHD related data. This work has been carried out within the framework of the EUROfusion Consortium and has received funding from the Euratom research and training programme 2014–2018 under grant agreement No 633053. The views and opinions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect those of the European Commission. D. Gallart is grateful to ‘la Caixa’ for supporting his PhD studies. This work has received funding from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) under grant ENE2015-67371-R. Publisher Copyright: © EURATOM 2018.

PY - 2018/9/5

Y1 - 2018/9/5

N2 - During the 2015-2016 JET campaigns, many efforts have been devoted to the exploration of high-performance plasma scenarios envisaged for DT operation in JET. In this paper, we review various key recent hybrid discharges and model the combined ICRF+NBI heating. These deuterium discharges with deuterium beams had the ICRF antenna frequency tuned to match the cyclotron frequency of minority H at the centre of the tokamak coinciding with the second harmonic cyclotron resonance of D. The modelling takes into account the synergy between ICRF and NBI heating through the second harmonic cyclotron resonance of D beam ions, allowing us to assess its impact on the neutron rate RNT. For discharges carried out with a fixed ICRF antenna frequency and changing toroidal magnetic field to vary the resonance position, we evaluate the influence of the resonance position on the heating performance and central impurity control. The H concentration is varied between discharges in order to test its role in the heating performance. It is found that discharges with a resonance beyond ∼0.15 m from the magnetic axis R0 suffer from MHD activity and impurity accumulation in these plasma conditions. According to our modelling, the ICRF enhancement of R NT increases with the ICRF power absorbed by deuterons as the H concentration decreases. We find that in the recent hybrid discharges, this ICRF enhancement varies due to a variation of H concentration and is in the range of 10%-25%. The modelling of a recent record high-performance hybrid discharge shows that ICRF fusion yield enhancement of ∼30% and ∼15% respectively can be achieved in the ramp-up phase and during the main heating phase. We extrapolate the results to DT and find that the best performing hybrid discharges correspond to an equivalent fusion power of ∼7.0 MW in DT. Finally, an optimization analysis of the bulk ion heating for the DT scenario reveals around 15%-20% larger bulk ion heating for the 3He minority scenario as compared to the H minority scenario.

AB - During the 2015-2016 JET campaigns, many efforts have been devoted to the exploration of high-performance plasma scenarios envisaged for DT operation in JET. In this paper, we review various key recent hybrid discharges and model the combined ICRF+NBI heating. These deuterium discharges with deuterium beams had the ICRF antenna frequency tuned to match the cyclotron frequency of minority H at the centre of the tokamak coinciding with the second harmonic cyclotron resonance of D. The modelling takes into account the synergy between ICRF and NBI heating through the second harmonic cyclotron resonance of D beam ions, allowing us to assess its impact on the neutron rate RNT. For discharges carried out with a fixed ICRF antenna frequency and changing toroidal magnetic field to vary the resonance position, we evaluate the influence of the resonance position on the heating performance and central impurity control. The H concentration is varied between discharges in order to test its role in the heating performance. It is found that discharges with a resonance beyond ∼0.15 m from the magnetic axis R0 suffer from MHD activity and impurity accumulation in these plasma conditions. According to our modelling, the ICRF enhancement of R NT increases with the ICRF power absorbed by deuterons as the H concentration decreases. We find that in the recent hybrid discharges, this ICRF enhancement varies due to a variation of H concentration and is in the range of 10%-25%. The modelling of a recent record high-performance hybrid discharge shows that ICRF fusion yield enhancement of ∼30% and ∼15% respectively can be achieved in the ramp-up phase and during the main heating phase. We extrapolate the results to DT and find that the best performing hybrid discharges correspond to an equivalent fusion power of ∼7.0 MW in DT. Finally, an optimization analysis of the bulk ion heating for the DT scenario reveals around 15%-20% larger bulk ion heating for the 3He minority scenario as compared to the H minority scenario.

KW - fusion enhancement

KW - ICRF heating

KW - JET hybrid plasmas

KW - NBI heating

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85053375348&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1088/1741-4326/aad9ad

DO - 10.1088/1741-4326/aad9ad

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85053375348

SN - 0029-5515

VL - 58

JO - Nuclear Fusion

JF - Nuclear Fusion

IS - 10

M1 - 106037

ER -

Modelling of JET hybrid plasmas with emphasis on performance of combined ICRF and NBI heating

Abstract

Keywords

UN SDGs

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