Modelling sea ice friction with a thermodynamic friction model

The dynamic friction of ice can be estimated by thermodynamic models. The authors have developed a thermodynamic ice friction model, which is summarized in this paper. This model can be applied to dynamic friction between ice and some other material, and to ice-ice friction. The model has been successfully verified by laboratory experiments using freshwater ice. Here, we discuss the applicability of this model to sea ice friction and use it in explaining ice friction measurements presented in the literature for saline ice. We identify the discrepancies and develop the model accordingly. The improved model can be used, instead of a fixed friction coefficient, in estimating friction on a vessel navigating in ice and in modelling sea ice dynamics and ice crushing processes.