Moisture Effects in Cross Sections of Cladding Elements Used in Modular Houses: A Numerical Study

Stefania Fortino; Jakub Mazura; Timo Avikainen; Petr Hradil; Mari Emmus

doi:10.1007/978-3-032-17967-8_6

Moisture Effects in Cross Sections of Cladding Elements Used in Modular Houses: A Numerical Study

Stefania Fortino^*
, Jakub Mazura
, Timo Avikainen
, Petr Hradil
, Mari Emmus

^*Corresponding author for this work

University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague
Harmet OÜ

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Chapter or book article › Scientific › peer-review

Abstract

Wood material brings several benefits in the construction field in relation to its sustainability and low carbon footprint. However, wooden components exposed to variable climates need continuous monitoring to preserve their safety, serviceability and durability, also in the presence of protective coatings. The variations of relative humidity and temperature can induce risk of crack initiation in the presence of high moisture gradients, and risk of decay at high moisture levels as well. In this chapter, a variant of earlier numerical models for moisture transport and wood mechanics is implemented in the Abaqus finite element code to investigate the hygro-mechanical behaviour of cladding components used for façades of modular houses. The whole methodology can contribute to assist sensor-based techniques by providing detailed information on the distribution of moisture and moisture-induced stresses during the service life of cladding systems, as well as suggestions for their maintenance.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	Secure 5G-Enabled Twin Transition for the European Timber Industry
Subtitle of host publication	Technological Advances and Results from the 5G-TIMBER Project
Editors	Marcello Urgo, Muhammad Mahtab Alam
Publisher	Springer Nature
Pages	121-139
ISBN (Electronic)	978-3-032-17967-8
ISBN (Print)	978-3-032-17966-1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-17967-8_6
Publication status	Published - 2026
MoE publication type	A3 Part of a book or another research book

Publication series

Series	Lecture Notes on Multidisciplinary Industrial Engineering
ISSN	2522-5022

Funding

This research has been co-funded from the European Union’s Horizon Europe research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 101058510.

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

SDG 13 Climate Action

Access to Document

10.1007/978-3-032-17967-8_6

5G-TIMBER: Secure 5G-Enabled Twin Transition for Europe's TIMBER Industry Sector
Fortino, S. (Manager), Hradil, P. (Participant), Mäkipää, M. (Participant), Halme, J. (Participant), Saarela, O. (Participant) & Salokangas, R. (Participant)
1/06/22 → 31/05/25
Project: EU project

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Fortino, S., Mazura, J., Avikainen, T., Hradil, P., & Emmus, M. (2026). Moisture Effects in Cross Sections of Cladding Elements Used in Modular Houses: A Numerical Study. In M. Urgo, & M. M. Alam (Eds.), Secure 5G-Enabled Twin Transition for the European Timber Industry: Technological Advances and Results from the 5G-TIMBER Project (pp. 121-139). Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-17967-8_6

Fortino, Stefania ; Mazura, Jakub ; Avikainen, Timo et al. / Moisture Effects in Cross Sections of Cladding Elements Used in Modular Houses: A Numerical Study. Secure 5G-Enabled Twin Transition for the European Timber Industry: Technological Advances and Results from the 5G-TIMBER Project. editor / Marcello Urgo ; Muhammad Mahtab Alam. Springer Nature, 2026. pp. 121-139 (Lecture Notes on Multidisciplinary Industrial Engineering).

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abstract = "Wood material brings several benefits in the construction field in relation to its sustainability and low carbon footprint. However, wooden components exposed to variable climates need continuous monitoring to preserve their safety, serviceability and durability, also in the presence of protective coatings. The variations of relative humidity and temperature can induce risk of crack initiation in the presence of high moisture gradients, and risk of decay at high moisture levels as well. In this chapter, a variant of earlier numerical models for moisture transport and wood mechanics is implemented in the Abaqus finite element code to investigate the hygro-mechanical behaviour of cladding components used for fa{\c c}ades of modular houses. The whole methodology can contribute to assist sensor-based techniques by providing detailed information on the distribution of moisture and moisture-induced stresses during the service life of cladding systems, as well as suggestions for their maintenance.",

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Fortino, S, Mazura, J, Avikainen, T , Hradil, P & Emmus, M 2026, Moisture Effects in Cross Sections of Cladding Elements Used in Modular Houses: A Numerical Study. in M Urgo & MM Alam (eds), Secure 5G-Enabled Twin Transition for the European Timber Industry: Technological Advances and Results from the 5G-TIMBER Project. Springer Nature, Lecture Notes on Multidisciplinary Industrial Engineering, pp. 121-139. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-17967-8_6

Moisture Effects in Cross Sections of Cladding Elements Used in Modular Houses: A Numerical Study. / Fortino, Stefania; Mazura, Jakub; Avikainen, Timo et al.
Secure 5G-Enabled Twin Transition for the European Timber Industry: Technological Advances and Results from the 5G-TIMBER Project. ed. / Marcello Urgo; Muhammad Mahtab Alam. Springer Nature, 2026. p. 121-139 (Lecture Notes on Multidisciplinary Industrial Engineering).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Chapter or book article › Scientific › peer-review

TY - CHAP

T1 - Moisture Effects in Cross Sections of Cladding Elements Used in Modular Houses: A Numerical Study

AU - Fortino, Stefania

AU - Mazura, Jakub

AU - Avikainen, Timo

AU - Hradil, Petr

AU - Emmus, Mari

PY - 2026

Y1 - 2026

N2 - Wood material brings several benefits in the construction field in relation to its sustainability and low carbon footprint. However, wooden components exposed to variable climates need continuous monitoring to preserve their safety, serviceability and durability, also in the presence of protective coatings. The variations of relative humidity and temperature can induce risk of crack initiation in the presence of high moisture gradients, and risk of decay at high moisture levels as well. In this chapter, a variant of earlier numerical models for moisture transport and wood mechanics is implemented in the Abaqus finite element code to investigate the hygro-mechanical behaviour of cladding components used for façades of modular houses. The whole methodology can contribute to assist sensor-based techniques by providing detailed information on the distribution of moisture and moisture-induced stresses during the service life of cladding systems, as well as suggestions for their maintenance.

AB - Wood material brings several benefits in the construction field in relation to its sustainability and low carbon footprint. However, wooden components exposed to variable climates need continuous monitoring to preserve their safety, serviceability and durability, also in the presence of protective coatings. The variations of relative humidity and temperature can induce risk of crack initiation in the presence of high moisture gradients, and risk of decay at high moisture levels as well. In this chapter, a variant of earlier numerical models for moisture transport and wood mechanics is implemented in the Abaqus finite element code to investigate the hygro-mechanical behaviour of cladding components used for façades of modular houses. The whole methodology can contribute to assist sensor-based techniques by providing detailed information on the distribution of moisture and moisture-induced stresses during the service life of cladding systems, as well as suggestions for their maintenance.

U2 - 10.1007/978-3-032-17967-8_6

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ER -

Fortino S, Mazura J, Avikainen T , Hradil P, Emmus M. Moisture Effects in Cross Sections of Cladding Elements Used in Modular Houses: A Numerical Study. In Urgo M, Alam MM, editors, Secure 5G-Enabled Twin Transition for the European Timber Industry: Technological Advances and Results from the 5G-TIMBER Project. Springer Nature. 2026. p. 121-139. (Lecture Notes on Multidisciplinary Industrial Engineering). doi: 10.1007/978-3-032-17967-8_6

Moisture Effects in Cross Sections of Cladding Elements Used in Modular Houses: A Numerical Study

Abstract

Publication series

Funding

UN SDGs

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Projects

5G-TIMBER: Secure 5G-Enabled Twin Transition for Europe's TIMBER Industry Sector

Cite this