Operational experiences of PEMFC pilot plant using low grade hydrogen from sodium chlorate production process

Jari Ihonen; Pauli Koski; Valtteri Pulkkinen; T. Keränen; H. Karimäki; Sonja Auvinen; Kaj Nikiforow; Mikko Kotisaari; H. Tuiskula; Jaana Viitakangas

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.09.056

Operational experiences of PEMFC pilot plant using low grade hydrogen from sodium chlorate production process

Jari Ihonen^*, Pauli Koski, Valtteri Pulkkinen, T. Keränen, H. Karimäki, Sonja Auvinen, Kaj Nikiforow, Mikko Kotisaari, H. Tuiskula, Jaana Viitakangas

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Scientific › peer-review

23 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

A 50 kW PEMFC pilot plant has been operated 4400 h using hydrogen originating from a sodium chlorate production process after standard industry purification processes were applied. The first stage of the fuel cell system operation was performed using anode gas recirculation, while in the other stages an open anode configuration was applied. The fuel cell system did not show extensive degradation despite the low quality of the hydrogen and frequent shut-downs. The average degradation rate was 2–3 μV per hour at low and medium currents (10–150 A). The main causes for any unreliability were found to be hydrogen supply side system components, namely pressure reducers and valves. Recommendations are given for the improvement of both PEMFC power plant design and operation for industrial hydrogen applications.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	27269-27283
Journal	International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
Volume	42
Issue number	44
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.09.056
Publication status	Published - 2 Nov 2017
MoE publication type	A1 Journal article-refereed

Funding

This work has been supported by the Strategic Research Council at the Academy of Finland, project Transition to a resource efficient and climate neutral electricity system (EL-TRAN) grant number 293437. This work has been carried out under the Fuel Cells research program of TEKES, the Finnish Funding Agency for Technology, within a jointly funded project involving VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd and Finnish industry partners Kemira Chemicals Oy, Cargotec Finland Oy, Konecranes Plc, Leppäkosken sähkö Oy, ABB Oy, Woikoski Oy, MSc Electronics Oy, Wärtsilä Finland Oy and Fuel Cell Finland industry grouping, a part of Teknologiateollisuus Ry.

Keywords

by-product hydrogen
carbon monoxide
fuel cell system
hydrogen quality
PEMFC
stack degradation

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.09.056

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Ihonen, J., Koski, P., Pulkkinen, V., Keränen, T., Karimäki, H., Auvinen, S., Nikiforow, K., Kotisaari, M., Tuiskula, H., & Viitakangas, J. (2017). Operational experiences of PEMFC pilot plant using low grade hydrogen from sodium chlorate production process. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 42(44), 27269-27283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.09.056

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abstract = "A 50 kW PEMFC pilot plant has been operated 4400 h using hydrogen originating from a sodium chlorate production process after standard industry purification processes were applied. The first stage of the fuel cell system operation was performed using anode gas recirculation, while in the other stages an open anode configuration was applied. The fuel cell system did not show extensive degradation despite the low quality of the hydrogen and frequent shut-downs. The average degradation rate was 2–3 μV per hour at low and medium currents (10–150 A). The main causes for any unreliability were found to be hydrogen supply side system components, namely pressure reducers and valves. Recommendations are given for the improvement of both PEMFC power plant design and operation for industrial hydrogen applications.",

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Ihonen, J, Koski, P, Pulkkinen, V, Keränen, T, Karimäki, H, Auvinen, S, Nikiforow, K, Kotisaari, M, Tuiskula, H & Viitakangas, J 2017, 'Operational experiences of PEMFC pilot plant using low grade hydrogen from sodium chlorate production process', International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 42, no. 44, pp. 27269-27283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.09.056

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AU - Ihonen, Jari

AU - Koski, Pauli

AU - Pulkkinen, Valtteri

AU - Keränen, T.

AU - Karimäki, H.

AU - Auvinen, Sonja

AU - Nikiforow, Kaj

AU - Kotisaari, Mikko

AU - Tuiskula, H.

AU - Viitakangas, Jaana

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N2 - A 50 kW PEMFC pilot plant has been operated 4400 h using hydrogen originating from a sodium chlorate production process after standard industry purification processes were applied. The first stage of the fuel cell system operation was performed using anode gas recirculation, while in the other stages an open anode configuration was applied. The fuel cell system did not show extensive degradation despite the low quality of the hydrogen and frequent shut-downs. The average degradation rate was 2–3 μV per hour at low and medium currents (10–150 A). The main causes for any unreliability were found to be hydrogen supply side system components, namely pressure reducers and valves. Recommendations are given for the improvement of both PEMFC power plant design and operation for industrial hydrogen applications.

AB - A 50 kW PEMFC pilot plant has been operated 4400 h using hydrogen originating from a sodium chlorate production process after standard industry purification processes were applied. The first stage of the fuel cell system operation was performed using anode gas recirculation, while in the other stages an open anode configuration was applied. The fuel cell system did not show extensive degradation despite the low quality of the hydrogen and frequent shut-downs. The average degradation rate was 2–3 μV per hour at low and medium currents (10–150 A). The main causes for any unreliability were found to be hydrogen supply side system components, namely pressure reducers and valves. Recommendations are given for the improvement of both PEMFC power plant design and operation for industrial hydrogen applications.

KW - by-product hydrogen

KW - carbon monoxide

KW - fuel cell system

KW - hydrogen quality

KW - PEMFC

KW - stack degradation

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ER -

Operational experiences of PEMFC pilot plant using low grade hydrogen from sodium chlorate production process

Abstract

Funding

Keywords

UN SDGs

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