TY - JOUR
T1 - Overview of powertrain electrification and future scenarios for non-road mobile machinery
AU - Lajunen, Antti
AU - Sainio, Panu
AU - Laurila, Lasse
AU - Pippuri-Mäkeläinen, Jenni
AU - Tammi, Kari
N1 - Funding Information:
Acknowledgments: The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support from the ECV-Tubridi project, which was partly funded by the Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovations (Tekes).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 by the authors.
Copyright:
Copyright 2018 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2018/1/1
Y1 - 2018/1/1
N2 - Powertrain electrification continues to be a growing trend in vehicular applications. Electric powertrains have numerous advantages over traditional mechanical and hydraulic powertrains but there are still important challenges to overcome for long-term commercial success. This research presents a technological assessment of present and future developments of powertrain electrification in non-road mobile machinery (NRMM). The challenges and opportunities of NRMM electrification are described in detail. The trends and drivers related to technological development such as regulations, policies and market development are analyzed, and technology enablers are highlighted. Future scenarios are formulated based on the prevailing trends and drivers, development of key components, scientific literature and status of the non-road mobile machinery industry. Some recommendations are also given in relation to the development of hybrid and electric powertrains for NRMM. The key findings of this research indicate that the electrification of NRMM is slowly started and the progress is demonstrated by hybridization of some specific, successful mobile machines. In short-term, high component and technology development costs remain the main barrier for higher adoption of electric and hybrid powertrains. In the long-term scenario, many NRMM can operate autonomously and powertrain electrification has become mainstream technology.
AB - Powertrain electrification continues to be a growing trend in vehicular applications. Electric powertrains have numerous advantages over traditional mechanical and hydraulic powertrains but there are still important challenges to overcome for long-term commercial success. This research presents a technological assessment of present and future developments of powertrain electrification in non-road mobile machinery (NRMM). The challenges and opportunities of NRMM electrification are described in detail. The trends and drivers related to technological development such as regulations, policies and market development are analyzed, and technology enablers are highlighted. Future scenarios are formulated based on the prevailing trends and drivers, development of key components, scientific literature and status of the non-road mobile machinery industry. Some recommendations are also given in relation to the development of hybrid and electric powertrains for NRMM. The key findings of this research indicate that the electrification of NRMM is slowly started and the progress is demonstrated by hybridization of some specific, successful mobile machines. In short-term, high component and technology development costs remain the main barrier for higher adoption of electric and hybrid powertrains. In the long-term scenario, many NRMM can operate autonomously and powertrain electrification has become mainstream technology.
KW - Future forecasting
KW - Hybrid powertrain
KW - Non-road mobile machinery
KW - Powertrain electrification
KW - Technology assessment
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85047093353&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/en11051184
DO - 10.3390/en11051184
M3 - Review Article
AN - SCOPUS:85047093353
SN - 1996-1073
VL - 11
JO - Energies
JF - Energies
IS - 5
M1 - 1184
ER -
