Abstract
The urgency to stabilize the global temperature rise at
1.5°C as highlighted in Paris COP21 and the IPCC Fifth
Assessment Report calls for solutions that can remove CO2
from the atmosphere. The ability of carbon negative
processes to offset historic emissions and emissions
across different sectors is also highlighted in recent
scenarios by IEA and WEC. Achieving negative CO2
emissions by removing CO2 from the atmosphere is possible
by applying carbon capture in processes utilizing biomass
(bio-CCS). Biomass has the capability of withdrawing and
storing atmospheric CO2. As a result, CO2 released during
biomass thermo-chemical conversion can be captured and
stored permanently underground, thus depriving the
atmosphere of CO2.
The objective of this paper is to assess different
deployment opportunities of bio-CCS from GHG emissions
and plant economy point of view; to evaluate what is the
best way to use constrained biomass resources by
assessing the effects that raw materials types, different
processes and end products have on carbon stocks and on
the overall GHG mitigation from the global point of view.
It also describes an implementation pathway incorporating
bio-CCU processes as an intermediate step towards low
carbon societies in 2050. Bio-CCU applications,
incorporating power-to-gas (P2G) and RES boosted hybrid
processes as intermediate steps for fully carbon neutral
energy supply are seen as a critical bridging technology
in business wise deployment pathway. These technologies
also have an essential role in bringing new aspects to
the sustainability and greenhouse gas impact discussions
as biomass, despite being a globally evenly distributed
and renewable raw material, is in the end also a
constrained resource that should be utilised in the most
reasoned applications taking into account all aspects of
sustainability.
There are three major biomass conversion routes where
bio-CCS is applicable; biochemical conversion
(fermentation and hydrolysis), thermo-chemical conversion
(e.g. gasification and combustion) and industrial
processes. In addition to ethanol fermentation the
thermo-chemical biomass conversion processes are
considered the first-phase targets for applying capture
of CO2, both from a logistic and cost point of view. A
concrete example on how more thorough deployment of
bio-CCS could penetrate in near-term markets is given as
a Finnish bio-CCS roadmap with scenarios highlighting the
major bottlenecks and constrains. The roadmap assessment
is based on power plant, industrial plant and emission
database calculations with future projections on existing
installations.
In this paper a deployment pathway to a low carbon
society is described and discussed. The potential
technologies for bio-CCS and bio-CCU are introduced with
the feasibility of the solutions compared both from the
sustainability and cost point of view.
Original language | English |
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Number of pages | 23 |
Publication status | Published - 2016 |
MoE publication type | Not Eligible |
Event | CO2 Summit II: Technologies and Opportunities, - Santa Ana Pueblo, United States Duration: 10 Apr 2016 → 14 Apr 2016 |
Conference
Conference | CO2 Summit II: Technologies and Opportunities, |
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Country/Territory | United States |
City | Santa Ana Pueblo |
Period | 10/04/16 → 14/04/16 |
Keywords
- Bio-CCS
- negative emissions
- CO2
- climate change