TY - JOUR
T1 - Physiological adaptations to resistance training in rats selectively bred for low and high response to aerobic exercise training.
AU - Ahtiainen, Juha P.
AU - Lensu, Sanna
AU - Ruotsalainen, Ilona
AU - Schumann, Moritz
AU - Ihalainen, Johanna K.
AU - Fachada, Vasco
AU - Mendias, Christopher L.
AU - Brook, Matthew S.
AU - Smith, Kenneth
AU - Atherton, Philip J.
AU - Koch, Lauren G.
AU - Britton, Steven L.
AU - Kainulainen, Heikki
N1 - © 2018 The Authors. Experimental Physiology © 2018 The Physiological Society.
PY - 2018/11/1
Y1 - 2018/11/1
N2 - New Findings: What is the central question of this study? Can phenotypic traits associated with low response to one mode of training be extrapolated to other exercise-inducible phenotypes? The present study investigated whether rats that are low responders to endurance training are also low responders to resistance training. What is the main finding and its importance? After resistance training, rats that are high responders to aerobic exercise training improved more in maximal strength compared with low-responder rats. However, the greater gain in strength in high-responder rats was not accompanied by muscle hypertrophy, suggesting that the responses observed could be mainly neural in origin. Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine whether rats selectively bred for low and high response to aerobic exercise training co-segregate for differences in muscle adaptations to ladder-climbing resistance training. Five high-responder (HRT) and five low-responder (LRT) rats completed the resistance training, while six HRT and six LRT rats served as sedentary control animals. Before and after the 6 week intervention, body composition was determined by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Before tissue harvesting, the right triceps surae muscles were loaded by electrical stimulation. Muscle fibre cross-sectional areas, nuclei per cell, phosphorylation status of selected signalling proteins of mTOR and Smad pathways, and muscle protein, DNA and RNA concentrations were determined for the right gastrocnemius muscle. The daily protein synthesis rate was determined by the deuterium oxide method from the left quadriceps femoris muscle. Tissue weights of fore- and hindlimb muscles were measured. In response to resistance training, maximal carrying capacity was greater in HRT (∼3.3 times body mass) than LRT (∼2.5 times body mass), indicating greater improvements of strength in HRT. However, muscle hypertrophy that could be related to greater strength gains in HRT was not observed. Furthermore, noteworthy changes within the experimental groups or differences between groups were not observed in the present measures. The lack of hypertrophic muscular adaptations despite considerable increases in muscular strength suggest that adaptations to the present ladder-climbing training in HRT and LRT rats were largely induced by neural adaptations.
AB - New Findings: What is the central question of this study? Can phenotypic traits associated with low response to one mode of training be extrapolated to other exercise-inducible phenotypes? The present study investigated whether rats that are low responders to endurance training are also low responders to resistance training. What is the main finding and its importance? After resistance training, rats that are high responders to aerobic exercise training improved more in maximal strength compared with low-responder rats. However, the greater gain in strength in high-responder rats was not accompanied by muscle hypertrophy, suggesting that the responses observed could be mainly neural in origin. Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine whether rats selectively bred for low and high response to aerobic exercise training co-segregate for differences in muscle adaptations to ladder-climbing resistance training. Five high-responder (HRT) and five low-responder (LRT) rats completed the resistance training, while six HRT and six LRT rats served as sedentary control animals. Before and after the 6 week intervention, body composition was determined by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Before tissue harvesting, the right triceps surae muscles were loaded by electrical stimulation. Muscle fibre cross-sectional areas, nuclei per cell, phosphorylation status of selected signalling proteins of mTOR and Smad pathways, and muscle protein, DNA and RNA concentrations were determined for the right gastrocnemius muscle. The daily protein synthesis rate was determined by the deuterium oxide method from the left quadriceps femoris muscle. Tissue weights of fore- and hindlimb muscles were measured. In response to resistance training, maximal carrying capacity was greater in HRT (∼3.3 times body mass) than LRT (∼2.5 times body mass), indicating greater improvements of strength in HRT. However, muscle hypertrophy that could be related to greater strength gains in HRT was not observed. Furthermore, noteworthy changes within the experimental groups or differences between groups were not observed in the present measures. The lack of hypertrophic muscular adaptations despite considerable increases in muscular strength suggest that adaptations to the present ladder-climbing training in HRT and LRT rats were largely induced by neural adaptations.
KW - Adaptation, Physiological/physiology
KW - Animals
KW - Body Composition/physiology
KW - Male
KW - Muscle Strength/physiology
KW - Muscle, Skeletal/physiology
KW - Physical Conditioning, Animal/physiology
KW - Rats
KW - Resistance Training
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85054658841&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1113/EP087144
DO - 10.1113/EP087144
M3 - Article
C2 - 30184287
SN - 0958-0670
VL - 103
SP - 1513
EP - 1523
JO - Experimental Physiology
JF - Experimental Physiology
IS - 11
ER -