TY - JOUR
T1 - Plant cell cultures as food—aspects of sustainability and safety
AU - Häkkinen, Suvi T.
AU - Nygren, Heli
AU - Nohynek, Liisa
AU - Puupponen-Pimiä, Riitta
AU - Heiniö, Raija Liisa
AU - Maiorova, Natalia
AU - Rischer, Heiko
AU - Ritala, Anneli
N1 - Funding Information:
Open access funding provided by Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT). This research has been funded by VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Ltd. Acknowledgements
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020, The Author(s).
Copyright:
Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2020/12/1
Y1 - 2020/12/1
N2 - Key message: Sustainability and safety aspects of plant cell cultures as food are presented. Applicability of dairy side streams as carbon source and use of natural growth enhancers in cultivation are shown. Abstract: Biotechnologically produced cellular products are currently emerging to replace and add into the portfolio of agriculturally derived commodities. Plant cell cultures used for food could supplement current food production. However, still many aspects need to be resolved before this new food concept can enter the market. Issues related to sustainability and safety for human consumption are relevant for both consumers and regulators. In this study, two plant cell cultures, deriving from arctic bramble (Rubus arcticus) and birch (Betula pendula), were cultivated using lactose-rich dairy side streams as alternative carbon sources to replace sucrose. Biomasses were comparable to those of original plant cell culture media when up to 83% and 75% of the original sucrose was replaced by these side streams for arctic bramble and birch cell cultures, respectively. Furthermore, nutritional composition or sensory properties were not compromised. Synthetic plant growth regulators were replaced by natural components, such as coconut water and IAA for several subculture cycles. Finally, it was shown that only trace amounts of free growth regulators are present in the cells at the harvesting point and assessment by freshwater crustaceans assay indicated that toxicity of the cells was not exceeding that of traditionally consumed bilberry fruit.
AB - Key message: Sustainability and safety aspects of plant cell cultures as food are presented. Applicability of dairy side streams as carbon source and use of natural growth enhancers in cultivation are shown. Abstract: Biotechnologically produced cellular products are currently emerging to replace and add into the portfolio of agriculturally derived commodities. Plant cell cultures used for food could supplement current food production. However, still many aspects need to be resolved before this new food concept can enter the market. Issues related to sustainability and safety for human consumption are relevant for both consumers and regulators. In this study, two plant cell cultures, deriving from arctic bramble (Rubus arcticus) and birch (Betula pendula), were cultivated using lactose-rich dairy side streams as alternative carbon sources to replace sucrose. Biomasses were comparable to those of original plant cell culture media when up to 83% and 75% of the original sucrose was replaced by these side streams for arctic bramble and birch cell cultures, respectively. Furthermore, nutritional composition or sensory properties were not compromised. Synthetic plant growth regulators were replaced by natural components, such as coconut water and IAA for several subculture cycles. Finally, it was shown that only trace amounts of free growth regulators are present in the cells at the harvesting point and assessment by freshwater crustaceans assay indicated that toxicity of the cells was not exceeding that of traditionally consumed bilberry fruit.
KW - Cellular agriculture
KW - Dairy side stream
KW - Food
KW - Lactose
KW - Plant cell cultures
KW - Plant growth regulators
KW - Carbohydrates/analysis
KW - Cell Culture Techniques/methods
KW - Plant Growth Regulators/analysis
KW - Humans
KW - Sustainable Development
KW - Food Safety
KW - Toxicity Tests/methods
KW - Odorants
KW - Daphnia/drug effects
KW - Rubus/cytology
KW - Sucrose/metabolism
KW - Animals
KW - Betula/cytology
KW - Amino Acids/analysis
KW - Culture Media/chemistry
KW - Plant Cells/chemistry
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85090315973&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s00299-020-02592-2
DO - 10.1007/s00299-020-02592-2
M3 - Article
C2 - 32892290
AN - SCOPUS:85090315973
SN - 0721-7714
VL - 39
SP - 1655
EP - 1668
JO - Plant Cell Reports
JF - Plant Cell Reports
IS - 12
ER -