TY - JOUR
T1 - Playing it safe: A literature review and research agenda on motivational technologies in transportation safety
AU - Wallius, Eetu
AU - Tomé Klock, Ana Carolina
AU - Hamari, Juho
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by Academy of Finland Flagship Programme (Forest-Human-Machine Interplay (UNITE)) [grant No 337653]; and the European Union Regional Development Fund, SataDiLogis project [grant No A74723].
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022
PY - 2022/7
Y1 - 2022/7
N2 - While motivation affects safety-related decision-making and human reliability, technologies to promote it are scarcely used. We have only recently witnessed how motivational technologies, including serious games, gamification, and persuasive technologies have emerged on the palette of methods for enhancing transportation safety. However, the research on these technologies for transportation safety is fragmented, preventing future studies and practical efforts. This paper describes the state-of-the-art through a systematic review to address this issue. Analyzing 62 studies, we perceive that motivational technologies focus on reducing the accident likelihood and mitigating their consequences. While these technologies can induce positive psychological change and improve learning, the evidence of behavioral change is mainly limited to simulation settings, lacking examination of the long-term benefits and potential adverse effects. Our results highlight the importance of aligning motivational design with the cognitive demand of the transportation task and the means for improving safety. Future research should explore how motivational technologies can enhance safety from the system design perspective, cover a broader scope of transportation modes, compare their effects to conventional approaches while considering social aspects in their design and evaluation. Besides providing an overview of the area and future directions, this paper also introduces design recommendations to guide practitioners.
AB - While motivation affects safety-related decision-making and human reliability, technologies to promote it are scarcely used. We have only recently witnessed how motivational technologies, including serious games, gamification, and persuasive technologies have emerged on the palette of methods for enhancing transportation safety. However, the research on these technologies for transportation safety is fragmented, preventing future studies and practical efforts. This paper describes the state-of-the-art through a systematic review to address this issue. Analyzing 62 studies, we perceive that motivational technologies focus on reducing the accident likelihood and mitigating their consequences. While these technologies can induce positive psychological change and improve learning, the evidence of behavioral change is mainly limited to simulation settings, lacking examination of the long-term benefits and potential adverse effects. Our results highlight the importance of aligning motivational design with the cognitive demand of the transportation task and the means for improving safety. Future research should explore how motivational technologies can enhance safety from the system design perspective, cover a broader scope of transportation modes, compare their effects to conventional approaches while considering social aspects in their design and evaluation. Besides providing an overview of the area and future directions, this paper also introduces design recommendations to guide practitioners.
KW - Gamification
KW - Persuasive technology
KW - Safety
KW - Serious game
KW - Simulation game
KW - Transportation
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85129399863&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.ress.2022.108514
DO - 10.1016/j.ress.2022.108514
M3 - Article
SN - 0951-8320
VL - 223
JO - Reliability Engineering and System Safety
JF - Reliability Engineering and System Safety
M1 - 108514
ER -