Positioning Positive Energy Districts in European Cities

Oscar Lindholm*, Hassam Rehman, Francesco Reda

*Corresponding author for this work

    Research output: Contribution to journalArticleScientificpeer-review

    104 Citations (Scopus)
    109 Downloads (Pure)

    Abstract

    There are many concepts for buildings with integrated renewable energy systems that have received increased attention during the last few years. However, these concepts only strive to streamline building-level renewable energy solutions. In order to improve the flexibility of decentralized energy generation, individual buildings and energy systems should be able to interact with each other. The positive energy district (PED) concept highlights the importance of active interaction between energy generation systems, energy consumers and energy storage within a district. This paper strives to inform the public, decision makers and fellow researchers about the aspects that should be accounted for when planning and implementing different types of PEDs in different regions throughout the European Union. The renewable energy environment varies between different EU regions, in terms of the available renewable energy sources, energy storage potential, population, energy consumption behaviour, costs and regulations, which affect the design and operation of PEDs, and hence, no PED is like the other. This paper provides clear definitions for different types of PEDs, a survey of the renewable energy market circumstances in the EU and a detailed analysis of factors that play an essential role in the PED planning process.
    Original languageEnglish
    Article number19
    Pages (from-to)1-31
    Number of pages31
    JournalBuildings
    Volume11
    Issue number1
    DOIs
    Publication statusPublished - 4 Jan 2021
    MoE publication typeA1 Journal article-refereed

    Funding

    The research was funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program LC-SC3-SCC-1-2018-2019-2020-Smart Cities and Communities under the project name SPARCS, grant number 864242.

    Keywords

    • PED
    • energy flexibility
    • socioeconomic analysis
    • techno-economic analysis
    • regions
    • regulation
    • renewable energy
    • energy storage
    • urban enviornment
    • climatic zones

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