TY - JOUR
T1 - Post-weight loss changes in fasting appetite- and energy balance-related hormone concentrations and the effect of the macronutrient content of a weight maintenance diet
T2 - a randomised controlled trial
AU - Näätänen, Mari
AU - Kolehmainen, Marjukka
AU - Laaksonen, David E
AU - Herzig, Karl-Heinz
AU - Poutanen, Kaisa
AU - Karhunen, Leila
N1 - Funding Information:
Open access funding provided by University of Eastern Finland (UEF) including Kuopio University Hospital. This research was supported by the Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation, and Finnish food manufacturers (Atria Plc, Fazer Group Ltd, Arla Ingman Ltd, Valio Ltd, Sinebrychoff Ltd, Vaasan Ltd, Foodfiles Ltd, Leiras Finland Ltd) (no. 40100/07), the SalWe Research Program for Mind and Body (Tekes, no. 1104/10), the Academy of Finland (no. 286028), Olvi -foundation (no. 201910702, MK), and Juho Vainio Foundation (MN). This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 874739.
PY - 2021/8
Y1 - 2021/8
N2 - Purpose: We investigated the effects of the macronutrient composition of diets with differing satiety values on fasting appetite-related hormone concentrations after weight loss and examined whether the hormone secretion adapted to changes in body fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) during the weight maintenance period (WM). Methods: Eighty-two men and women with obesity underwent a 7-week very-low-energy diet (VLED) and were then randomised to a higher-satiety food (HSF) group or a lower-satiety food (LSF) group during 24-weeks of the WM. The groups consumed isoenergetic foods with different satiety ratings and macronutrient compositions. Results: During the WM, the HSF group consumed more protein and dietary fibre and less fat than the LSF group, but the groups showed similar changes in body weight and fasting appetite-related hormones. In the whole study sample, VLED induced 12 kg (p < 0.001) weight loss. At the end of the WM, weight regain was 1.3 kg (p = 0.004), ghrelin concentration increased, whereas leptin, insulin, and glucose concentrations decreased compared to pre-VLED levels (p < 0.001 for all). Peptide YY did not differ from pre-VLED levels. Changes in ghrelin levels were inversely associated with changes in FFM during weeks 0–12 of the WM (p = 0.002), while changes in leptin and insulin levels were positively associated with changes in FM during weeks 0–12 (p = 0.015 and p = 0.038, respectively) and weeks 12–24 (p < 0.001 and p = 0.022) of the WM. Conclusions: The macronutrient composition of an isoenergetic WM diet did not affect fasting appetite-related hormone concentrations. Leptin and insulin adjusted to the reduced FM, whereas ghrelin reflected FFM during the first months of the WM. Trial registration: isrctn.com, ID 67529475.
AB - Purpose: We investigated the effects of the macronutrient composition of diets with differing satiety values on fasting appetite-related hormone concentrations after weight loss and examined whether the hormone secretion adapted to changes in body fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) during the weight maintenance period (WM). Methods: Eighty-two men and women with obesity underwent a 7-week very-low-energy diet (VLED) and were then randomised to a higher-satiety food (HSF) group or a lower-satiety food (LSF) group during 24-weeks of the WM. The groups consumed isoenergetic foods with different satiety ratings and macronutrient compositions. Results: During the WM, the HSF group consumed more protein and dietary fibre and less fat than the LSF group, but the groups showed similar changes in body weight and fasting appetite-related hormones. In the whole study sample, VLED induced 12 kg (p < 0.001) weight loss. At the end of the WM, weight regain was 1.3 kg (p = 0.004), ghrelin concentration increased, whereas leptin, insulin, and glucose concentrations decreased compared to pre-VLED levels (p < 0.001 for all). Peptide YY did not differ from pre-VLED levels. Changes in ghrelin levels were inversely associated with changes in FFM during weeks 0–12 of the WM (p = 0.002), while changes in leptin and insulin levels were positively associated with changes in FM during weeks 0–12 (p = 0.015 and p = 0.038, respectively) and weeks 12–24 (p < 0.001 and p = 0.022) of the WM. Conclusions: The macronutrient composition of an isoenergetic WM diet did not affect fasting appetite-related hormone concentrations. Leptin and insulin adjusted to the reduced FM, whereas ghrelin reflected FFM during the first months of the WM. Trial registration: isrctn.com, ID 67529475.
KW - macronutrients
KW - weight maintenance
KW - Ghrelin
KW - leptin
KW - insulin
KW - peptide YY
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85096987611&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s00394-020-02438-3
DO - 10.1007/s00394-020-02438-3
M3 - Article
C2 - 33263788
SN - 1436-6207
VL - 60
SP - 2603
EP - 2616
JO - European Journal of Nutrition
JF - European Journal of Nutrition
ER -