Power balance control and dimensioning of a hybrid off-grid energy system for a Nordic climate townhouse

Altti Meriläinen; Jan Henri Montonen; Jeremias Hopsu; Antti Kosonen; Tuomo Lindh; Jero Ahola

doi:10.1016/j.renene.2023.03.104

Power balance control and dimensioning of a hybrid off-grid energy system for a Nordic climate townhouse

Altti Meriläinen (Corresponding Author), Jan Henri Montonen, Jeremias Hopsu, Antti Kosonen, Tuomo Lindh, Jero Ahola

BA4405 Hydrogen production

Lappeenranta-Lahti University of Technology LUT

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Scientific › peer-review

Abstract

This paper investigates conversion of a Nordic oil-heated townhouse into carbon-neutral by different energy efficiency (EE) improvements and an off-grid system including solar photovoltaics (PV), wind power, and battery and hydrogen energy storage systems (BESS and HESS). A heat-pump-based heating system including waste heat recovery (WHR) from the HESS and an off-grid electrical system are dimensioned for the building by applying models developed in MATLAB and Microsoft Excel to study the life cycle costs (LCC). The work uses a measured electrical load profile, and the heat generation of the new heating system and the power generation are simulated by commercial software. It is shown that the EE improvements and WHR from the HESS have a positive effect on the dimensioning of the off-grid system, and the LCC can be reduced by up to €2 million. With the EE improvements and WHR, the component dimensioning can be reduced by 22%–41% and 13%–51% on average, respectively. WHR can cover up to 57% of the building's annual heat demand, and full-power dimensioning of the heat pump is not reasonable when WHR is applied. Wind power was found to be very relevant in the Nordic conditions, reducing the LCC by 32%.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	310-324
Number of pages	15
Journal	Renewable Energy
Volume	209
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2023.03.104
Publication status	Published - Jun 2023
MoE publication type	A1 Journal article-refereed

Keywords

Energy efficiency
Heating system
Hydrogen energy storage system (HESS)
Optimization
Solar photovoltaics (PV)
Wind power

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.1016/j.renene.2023.03.104Licence: CC BY

Cite this

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title = "Power balance control and dimensioning of a hybrid off-grid energy system for a Nordic climate townhouse",

abstract = "This paper investigates conversion of a Nordic oil-heated townhouse into carbon-neutral by different energy efficiency (EE) improvements and an off-grid system including solar photovoltaics (PV), wind power, and battery and hydrogen energy storage systems (BESS and HESS). A heat-pump-based heating system including waste heat recovery (WHR) from the HESS and an off-grid electrical system are dimensioned for the building by applying models developed in MATLAB and Microsoft Excel to study the life cycle costs (LCC). The work uses a measured electrical load profile, and the heat generation of the new heating system and the power generation are simulated by commercial software. It is shown that the EE improvements and WHR from the HESS have a positive effect on the dimensioning of the off-grid system, and the LCC can be reduced by up to €2 million. With the EE improvements and WHR, the component dimensioning can be reduced by 22%–41% and 13%–51% on average, respectively. WHR can cover up to 57% of the building's annual heat demand, and full-power dimensioning of the heat pump is not reasonable when WHR is applied. Wind power was found to be very relevant in the Nordic conditions, reducing the LCC by 32%.",

keywords = "Energy efficiency, Heating system, Hydrogen energy storage system (HESS), Optimization, Solar photovoltaics (PV), Wind power",

author = "Altti Meril{\"a}inen and Montonen, {Jan Henri} and Jeremias Hopsu and Antti Kosonen and Tuomo Lindh and Jero Ahola",

note = "Funding Information: This work was supported by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) grant no. A77928 . ",

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AU - Meriläinen, Altti

AU - Montonen, Jan Henri

AU - Hopsu, Jeremias

AU - Kosonen, Antti

AU - Lindh, Tuomo

AU - Ahola, Jero

N1 - Funding Information: This work was supported by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) grant no. A77928 .

PY - 2023/6

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N2 - This paper investigates conversion of a Nordic oil-heated townhouse into carbon-neutral by different energy efficiency (EE) improvements and an off-grid system including solar photovoltaics (PV), wind power, and battery and hydrogen energy storage systems (BESS and HESS). A heat-pump-based heating system including waste heat recovery (WHR) from the HESS and an off-grid electrical system are dimensioned for the building by applying models developed in MATLAB and Microsoft Excel to study the life cycle costs (LCC). The work uses a measured electrical load profile, and the heat generation of the new heating system and the power generation are simulated by commercial software. It is shown that the EE improvements and WHR from the HESS have a positive effect on the dimensioning of the off-grid system, and the LCC can be reduced by up to €2 million. With the EE improvements and WHR, the component dimensioning can be reduced by 22%–41% and 13%–51% on average, respectively. WHR can cover up to 57% of the building's annual heat demand, and full-power dimensioning of the heat pump is not reasonable when WHR is applied. Wind power was found to be very relevant in the Nordic conditions, reducing the LCC by 32%.

AB - This paper investigates conversion of a Nordic oil-heated townhouse into carbon-neutral by different energy efficiency (EE) improvements and an off-grid system including solar photovoltaics (PV), wind power, and battery and hydrogen energy storage systems (BESS and HESS). A heat-pump-based heating system including waste heat recovery (WHR) from the HESS and an off-grid electrical system are dimensioned for the building by applying models developed in MATLAB and Microsoft Excel to study the life cycle costs (LCC). The work uses a measured electrical load profile, and the heat generation of the new heating system and the power generation are simulated by commercial software. It is shown that the EE improvements and WHR from the HESS have a positive effect on the dimensioning of the off-grid system, and the LCC can be reduced by up to €2 million. With the EE improvements and WHR, the component dimensioning can be reduced by 22%–41% and 13%–51% on average, respectively. WHR can cover up to 57% of the building's annual heat demand, and full-power dimensioning of the heat pump is not reasonable when WHR is applied. Wind power was found to be very relevant in the Nordic conditions, reducing the LCC by 32%.

KW - Energy efficiency

KW - Heating system

KW - Hydrogen energy storage system (HESS)

KW - Optimization

KW - Solar photovoltaics (PV)

KW - Wind power

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Power balance control and dimensioning of a hybrid off-grid energy system for a Nordic climate townhouse

Abstract

Keywords

UN SDGs

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