Power ramp rate capabilities of a 5 kW proton exchange membrane fuel cell system with discrete ejector control

Kaj Nikiforow; Jari Pennanen; Jari Ihonen; Sanna Uski; Pauli Koski

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.01.090

Power ramp rate capabilities of a 5 kW proton exchange membrane fuel cell system with discrete ejector control

Kaj Nikiforow^*
, Jari Pennanen
, Jari Ihonen
, Sanna Uski
, Pauli Koski

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Scientific › peer-review

65 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

The power ramp rate capabilities of a 5 kW proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) system are studied theoretically and experimentally for grid support service applications. The fuel supply is implemented with a fixed-geometry ejector and a discrete control solution without any anode-side pressure fluctuation suppression methods. We show that the stack power can be ramped up from 2.0 kW to 4.0 kW with adequate fuel supply and low anode pressure fluctuations within only 0.1 s. The air supply is implemented with a centrifugal blower. Air supply ramp rates are studied with a power increase executed within 1 and 0.2 s after the request, the time dictated by grid support service requirements in Finland and the UK. We show that a power ramp-up from 2.0 kW to 3.7 kW is achieved within 1 s with an initial air stoichiometry of 2.5 and within 0.2 s with an initial air stoichiometry of 7.0. We also show that the timing of the power ramp-up affects the achieved ancillary power capacity. This work demonstrates that hydrogen fueled and ejector-based PEMFC systems can provide a significant amount of power in less than 1 s and provide valuable ancillary power capacity for grid support services.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	30-37
Journal	Journal of Power Sources
Volume	381
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.01.090
Publication status	Published - 31 Mar 2018
MoE publication type	A1 Journal article-refereed

Funding

This work has been supported by the Strategic Research Council at the Academy of Finland, project Transition to a Resource Efficient and Climate Neutral Electricity System (EL-TRAN) (2015-17) ” (no. 293437). This research has received funding from the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) for the Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Joint Technology Initiative under grant agreement n° 621218.

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

SDG 7 Affordable and Clean Energy

Keywords

Air supply
Dynamic behavior
Ejector
Fuel supply
PEMFC system
Power ramp rate

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10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.01.090

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title = "Power ramp rate capabilities of a 5 kW proton exchange membrane fuel cell system with discrete ejector control",

abstract = "The power ramp rate capabilities of a 5 kW proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) system are studied theoretically and experimentally for grid support service applications. The fuel supply is implemented with a fixed-geometry ejector and a discrete control solution without any anode-side pressure fluctuation suppression methods. We show that the stack power can be ramped up from 2.0 kW to 4.0 kW with adequate fuel supply and low anode pressure fluctuations within only 0.1 s. The air supply is implemented with a centrifugal blower. Air supply ramp rates are studied with a power increase executed within 1 and 0.2 s after the request, the time dictated by grid support service requirements in Finland and the UK. We show that a power ramp-up from 2.0 kW to 3.7 kW is achieved within 1 s with an initial air stoichiometry of 2.5 and within 0.2 s with an initial air stoichiometry of 7.0. We also show that the timing of the power ramp-up affects the achieved ancillary power capacity. This work demonstrates that hydrogen fueled and ejector-based PEMFC systems can provide a significant amount of power in less than 1 s and provide valuable ancillary power capacity for grid support services.",

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author = "Kaj Nikiforow and Jari Pennanen and Jari Ihonen and Sanna Uski and Pauli Koski",

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year = "2018",

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doi = "10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.01.090",

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AU - Ihonen, Jari

AU - Uski, Sanna

AU - Koski, Pauli

PY - 2018/3/31

Y1 - 2018/3/31

N2 - The power ramp rate capabilities of a 5 kW proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) system are studied theoretically and experimentally for grid support service applications. The fuel supply is implemented with a fixed-geometry ejector and a discrete control solution without any anode-side pressure fluctuation suppression methods. We show that the stack power can be ramped up from 2.0 kW to 4.0 kW with adequate fuel supply and low anode pressure fluctuations within only 0.1 s. The air supply is implemented with a centrifugal blower. Air supply ramp rates are studied with a power increase executed within 1 and 0.2 s after the request, the time dictated by grid support service requirements in Finland and the UK. We show that a power ramp-up from 2.0 kW to 3.7 kW is achieved within 1 s with an initial air stoichiometry of 2.5 and within 0.2 s with an initial air stoichiometry of 7.0. We also show that the timing of the power ramp-up affects the achieved ancillary power capacity. This work demonstrates that hydrogen fueled and ejector-based PEMFC systems can provide a significant amount of power in less than 1 s and provide valuable ancillary power capacity for grid support services.

AB - The power ramp rate capabilities of a 5 kW proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) system are studied theoretically and experimentally for grid support service applications. The fuel supply is implemented with a fixed-geometry ejector and a discrete control solution without any anode-side pressure fluctuation suppression methods. We show that the stack power can be ramped up from 2.0 kW to 4.0 kW with adequate fuel supply and low anode pressure fluctuations within only 0.1 s. The air supply is implemented with a centrifugal blower. Air supply ramp rates are studied with a power increase executed within 1 and 0.2 s after the request, the time dictated by grid support service requirements in Finland and the UK. We show that a power ramp-up from 2.0 kW to 3.7 kW is achieved within 1 s with an initial air stoichiometry of 2.5 and within 0.2 s with an initial air stoichiometry of 7.0. We also show that the timing of the power ramp-up affects the achieved ancillary power capacity. This work demonstrates that hydrogen fueled and ejector-based PEMFC systems can provide a significant amount of power in less than 1 s and provide valuable ancillary power capacity for grid support services.

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KW - Dynamic behavior

KW - Ejector

KW - Fuel supply

KW - PEMFC system

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ER -

Power ramp rate capabilities of a 5 kW proton exchange membrane fuel cell system with discrete ejector control

Abstract

Funding

UN SDGs

Keywords

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