Predicting relative agronomic efficiency of phosphorus-rich organic residues

Kari Ylivainio; Alma Lehti; Johannes Jermakka; Hanne Wikberg; Eila Turtola

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145618

Predicting relative agronomic efficiency of phosphorus-rich organic residues

Kari Ylivainio^*
, Alma Lehti
, Johannes Jermakka
, Hanne Wikberg
, Eila Turtola

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Scientific › peer-review

36 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Relative agronomic efficiency (RAE) of phosphorus (P) in nutrient-rich residues with different chemical characteristics must be known in order to optimize their use as fertilizers, to avoid underfertilization of crops or eutrophication of surface waters due to overfertilization. In this study, we determined the chemical characteristics and RAE of manures (cattle, pig, fox) and sewage sludges subjected to different treatments (anaerobic digestion, composting, lime stabilization, thermal hydrolyzation, pyrolyzation, hydrothermal carbonization (HTC)) by growing barley (Hordeum vulgare, var. Elmeri) to maturity in three independent growth trials. All manures had high RAE (up to 189% in pig slurry), while RAE was only 6–17% for digested and composted sewage sludges when precipitation with Fe used for P removal from wastewater. Pyrolyzation and HTC further depressed RAE to 1–6%. Alternative wastewater treatment processes are therefore needed to increase P recycling potential. For cattle and pig manures and anaerobically digested or composted sewage sludges, molar ratio of (Fe + Al)/P, varying from 0.08 to 2.69, was the best predictor of RAE (R² = 0.99), with negative correlations with grain yield. Sources in which calcium was more influential for P solubility (fox manure and lime-stabilized sewage sludge) and pyrolyzed and HTC-treated residues did not follow this trend. Conventional extraction methods (2% formic acid, 2% citric acid, neutral ammonium citrate, water and 0.5 M NaHCO₃) either underestimated or overestimated RAE of P-rich organic residues, depending on their chemical characteristics.

Original language	English
Article number	145618
Number of pages	9
Journal	Science of the Total Environment
Volume	773
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145618
Publication status	Published - 15 Jun 2021
MoE publication type	A1 Journal article-refereed

Funding

The Finnish Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Biovakka (now Gasum), and Finnish Water Utilities Association are gratefully acknowledged for funding the ‘Recovering phosphorus from sewage sludge to fertilizer (PRecover)’ project. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 818309 (LEX4BIO). The results reported in this paper reflect only the authors' views, and the European Commission is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contains.

Keywords

Biochar
HTC
Manure
Phosphorus solubility
RAE
Sewage sludge

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145618Licence: CC BY

Cite this

@article{86b5579b23a14f2682252c7132c567fe,

title = "Predicting relative agronomic efficiency of phosphorus-rich organic residues",

abstract = "Relative agronomic efficiency (RAE) of phosphorus (P) in nutrient-rich residues with different chemical characteristics must be known in order to optimize their use as fertilizers, to avoid underfertilization of crops or eutrophication of surface waters due to overfertilization. In this study, we determined the chemical characteristics and RAE of manures (cattle, pig, fox) and sewage sludges subjected to different treatments (anaerobic digestion, composting, lime stabilization, thermal hydrolyzation, pyrolyzation, hydrothermal carbonization (HTC)) by growing barley (Hordeum vulgare, var. Elmeri) to maturity in three independent growth trials. All manures had high RAE (up to 189\% in pig slurry), while RAE was only 6–17\% for digested and composted sewage sludges when precipitation with Fe used for P removal from wastewater. Pyrolyzation and HTC further depressed RAE to 1–6\%. Alternative wastewater treatment processes are therefore needed to increase P recycling potential. For cattle and pig manures and anaerobically digested or composted sewage sludges, molar ratio of (Fe + Al)/P, varying from 0.08 to 2.69, was the best predictor of RAE (R2 = 0.99), with negative correlations with grain yield. Sources in which calcium was more influential for P solubility (fox manure and lime-stabilized sewage sludge) and pyrolyzed and HTC-treated residues did not follow this trend. Conventional extraction methods (2\% formic acid, 2\% citric acid, neutral ammonium citrate, water and 0.5 M NaHCO3) either underestimated or overestimated RAE of P-rich organic residues, depending on their chemical characteristics.",

keywords = "Biochar, HTC, Manure, Phosphorus solubility, RAE, Sewage sludge",

author = "Kari Ylivainio and Alma Lehti and Johannes Jermakka and Hanne Wikberg and Eila Turtola",

note = "Funding Information: The Finnish Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Biovakka (now Gasum), and Finnish Water Utilities Association are gratefully acknowledged for funding the {\textquoteleft}Recovering phosphorus from sewage sludge to fertilizer (PRecover){\textquoteright} project. This project has received funding from the European Union{\textquoteright}s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 818309 (LEX4BIO). The results reported in this paper reflect only the authors' views, and the European Commission is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contains. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 The Authors Copyright: Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.",

year = "2021",

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doi = "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145618",

language = "English",

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T1 - Predicting relative agronomic efficiency of phosphorus-rich organic residues

AU - Ylivainio, Kari

AU - Lehti, Alma

AU - Jermakka, Johannes

AU - Wikberg, Hanne

AU - Turtola, Eila

N1 - Funding Information: The Finnish Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Biovakka (now Gasum), and Finnish Water Utilities Association are gratefully acknowledged for funding the ‘Recovering phosphorus from sewage sludge to fertilizer (PRecover)’ project. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 818309 (LEX4BIO). The results reported in this paper reflect only the authors' views, and the European Commission is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contains. Publisher Copyright: © 2021 The Authors Copyright: Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

PY - 2021/6/15

Y1 - 2021/6/15

N2 - Relative agronomic efficiency (RAE) of phosphorus (P) in nutrient-rich residues with different chemical characteristics must be known in order to optimize their use as fertilizers, to avoid underfertilization of crops or eutrophication of surface waters due to overfertilization. In this study, we determined the chemical characteristics and RAE of manures (cattle, pig, fox) and sewage sludges subjected to different treatments (anaerobic digestion, composting, lime stabilization, thermal hydrolyzation, pyrolyzation, hydrothermal carbonization (HTC)) by growing barley (Hordeum vulgare, var. Elmeri) to maturity in three independent growth trials. All manures had high RAE (up to 189% in pig slurry), while RAE was only 6–17% for digested and composted sewage sludges when precipitation with Fe used for P removal from wastewater. Pyrolyzation and HTC further depressed RAE to 1–6%. Alternative wastewater treatment processes are therefore needed to increase P recycling potential. For cattle and pig manures and anaerobically digested or composted sewage sludges, molar ratio of (Fe + Al)/P, varying from 0.08 to 2.69, was the best predictor of RAE (R2 = 0.99), with negative correlations with grain yield. Sources in which calcium was more influential for P solubility (fox manure and lime-stabilized sewage sludge) and pyrolyzed and HTC-treated residues did not follow this trend. Conventional extraction methods (2% formic acid, 2% citric acid, neutral ammonium citrate, water and 0.5 M NaHCO3) either underestimated or overestimated RAE of P-rich organic residues, depending on their chemical characteristics.

AB - Relative agronomic efficiency (RAE) of phosphorus (P) in nutrient-rich residues with different chemical characteristics must be known in order to optimize their use as fertilizers, to avoid underfertilization of crops or eutrophication of surface waters due to overfertilization. In this study, we determined the chemical characteristics and RAE of manures (cattle, pig, fox) and sewage sludges subjected to different treatments (anaerobic digestion, composting, lime stabilization, thermal hydrolyzation, pyrolyzation, hydrothermal carbonization (HTC)) by growing barley (Hordeum vulgare, var. Elmeri) to maturity in three independent growth trials. All manures had high RAE (up to 189% in pig slurry), while RAE was only 6–17% for digested and composted sewage sludges when precipitation with Fe used for P removal from wastewater. Pyrolyzation and HTC further depressed RAE to 1–6%. Alternative wastewater treatment processes are therefore needed to increase P recycling potential. For cattle and pig manures and anaerobically digested or composted sewage sludges, molar ratio of (Fe + Al)/P, varying from 0.08 to 2.69, was the best predictor of RAE (R2 = 0.99), with negative correlations with grain yield. Sources in which calcium was more influential for P solubility (fox manure and lime-stabilized sewage sludge) and pyrolyzed and HTC-treated residues did not follow this trend. Conventional extraction methods (2% formic acid, 2% citric acid, neutral ammonium citrate, water and 0.5 M NaHCO3) either underestimated or overestimated RAE of P-rich organic residues, depending on their chemical characteristics.

KW - Biochar

KW - HTC

KW - Manure

KW - Phosphorus solubility

KW - RAE

KW - Sewage sludge

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85101445222

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DO - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145618

M3 - Article

C2 - 33592461

AN - SCOPUS:85101445222

SN - 0048-9697

VL - 773

JO - Science of the Total Environment

JF - Science of the Total Environment

M1 - 145618

ER -

Predicting relative agronomic efficiency of phosphorus-rich organic residues

Abstract

Funding

Keywords

UN SDGs

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