Abstract
Strongly radiating and detached high-power discharges in present-day full-metal tokamaks have a characteristic radiation pattern involving condensation of radiation near the X-point, with significant radiative losses above the X-point. In contrast, Demonstration Fusion Power Plant (DEMO) divertor exhaust scoping studies using reduced physics models, including a fluid description for the neutrals, place the strongest radiation fronts in the divertor legs, near the separatrix. The present contribution studies sensitivity of the radiation pattern corresponding to maximal divertor impurity radiation to those physics models that are typically neglected in the simulations due to their computational expense: cross-field drifts, complex impurity models and kinetic neutrals. Model benchmarking is carried out in comparison to L-mode discharges, which are shown to feature both divertor and X-point radiation. The simulated plasma conditions with maximal divertor radiation have in-out asymmetries in the divertor legs and at the divertor entrance, and the asymmetries and the radiation patterns are observed to be sensitive to both cross-field drift effects and the neutral model. DEMO simulations, carried out using SOLPS-ITER, show an impact of cross-field drifts on the divertor asymmetries, but the impact is not large enough to move the radiation front from the divertor legs to regions above the X-point.
Original language | English |
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Article number | 056015 |
Number of pages | 13 |
Journal | Nuclear Fusion |
Volume | 62 |
Issue number | 5 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - May 2022 |
MoE publication type | A1 Journal article-refereed |
Funding
The work has received funding from the Academy of Finland (Decision Number 289726). This work has been carried out within the framework of the EUROfusion Consortium and has received funding from the Euratom Research and Training Programme 2014–2018 and 2019–2020 under Grant Agreement No. 633053.
Keywords
- cross-field drifts
- DEMO
- divertor physics
- impurity radiation
- in-out asymmetries
- power exhaust
- SOLPS-ITER