Printable paper-based diagnostics

We applied papermaking techniques to modify the structural properties of the cellulose fiber network in an attempt to design inexpensive, easy-to-use and disposable paper-based analytical devices. The ability of the paper to wick liquids by capillary action was exploited in the development of lateral flow test device. The paper grade was evaluated to meet the needs for sustainable flow of liquids, stability in wetting conditions, brightness and homogeneity. Biofunctionalization of the modified paper was achieved through inkjet printing methods. We show that it was possible to control the fluidic properties of paper to support the transport of fluids and detection particles, to immobilize antibodies on paper by simple physical adsorption and to detect the analyte in clinically relevant ranges. This research was conducted towards the development and design of paper-based diagnostics in the fields of health, well-being, veterinary and environmental point-of-care diagnostics, where the main focus is versatility, novel test formats and low-cost mass production.