TY - JOUR
T1 - Proline prodrug of melphalan, prophalan-l, demonstrates high therapeutic index in a murine melanoma model
AU - Mittal, Sachin
AU - Tsume, Yasuhiro
AU - Landowski, Christopher P.
AU - Lee, Kyung Dall
AU - Hilfinger, John M.
AU - Amidon, Gordon L.
PY - 2007/11/1
Y1 - 2007/11/1
N2 - The therapeutic efficacy of prophalan-l, the l-proline prodrug of melphalan that demonstrated prolidase-dependent bioactivation to melphalan, was examined in vivo in a mouse melanoma model. Prophalan-l exhibited 2- to 2.5-fold higher hydrolytic and cytotoxic activity than prophalan-d, the d-analog, in B16-F10 murine melanoma cells in vitro. Prophalan-l cytotoxicity in B16-F10 cells was lower (GI50 = 221 μM) than that of melphalan (GI50 = 173 μM). The tumor growth profiles in C57BL/6J mice injected with B16-F10 cells and treated with melphalan (5.5 μg/g i.p.) and equimolar concentrations of the prodrugs demonstrated significant difference between the control (buffered saline) and melphalan or prophalan-l but no significant difference between control and prophalan-d or between melphalan and prophalan-l. Prophalan-l was significantly less toxic than melphalan, while no significant difference was observed in toxicity, measured as percent weight loss, between the prodrugs and saline control. Tumor reduction efficacy at high doses (12 μg/g i.p.) was similar for melphalan and prophalan-l; however, fatal toxicity was associated with melphalan while prophalan-l exhibited significantly lower systemic toxicity. An excellent correlation between GI50 and tumor reduction efficacy was observed for the tested drugs (r2 = 0.95). Prophalan-l thus demonstrates higher therapeutic index than melphalan in the murine melanoma model.
AB - The therapeutic efficacy of prophalan-l, the l-proline prodrug of melphalan that demonstrated prolidase-dependent bioactivation to melphalan, was examined in vivo in a mouse melanoma model. Prophalan-l exhibited 2- to 2.5-fold higher hydrolytic and cytotoxic activity than prophalan-d, the d-analog, in B16-F10 murine melanoma cells in vitro. Prophalan-l cytotoxicity in B16-F10 cells was lower (GI50 = 221 μM) than that of melphalan (GI50 = 173 μM). The tumor growth profiles in C57BL/6J mice injected with B16-F10 cells and treated with melphalan (5.5 μg/g i.p.) and equimolar concentrations of the prodrugs demonstrated significant difference between the control (buffered saline) and melphalan or prophalan-l but no significant difference between control and prophalan-d or between melphalan and prophalan-l. Prophalan-l was significantly less toxic than melphalan, while no significant difference was observed in toxicity, measured as percent weight loss, between the prodrugs and saline control. Tumor reduction efficacy at high doses (12 μg/g i.p.) was similar for melphalan and prophalan-l; however, fatal toxicity was associated with melphalan while prophalan-l exhibited significantly lower systemic toxicity. An excellent correlation between GI50 and tumor reduction efficacy was observed for the tested drugs (r2 = 0.95). Prophalan-l thus demonstrates higher therapeutic index than melphalan in the murine melanoma model.
KW - Melphalan
KW - Mouse melanoma model
KW - Prodrug
KW - Prolidase
KW - Therapeutic efficacy
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=35348860866&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.ejpb.2007.03.024
DO - 10.1016/j.ejpb.2007.03.024
M3 - Article
C2 - 17560100
AN - SCOPUS:35348860866
SN - 0939-6411
VL - 67
SP - 752
EP - 758
JO - European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics
JF - European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics
IS - 3
ER -