Quantitative assessment of betainized compounds and associations with dietary and metabolic biomarkers in the randomized study of the healthy Nordic diet (SYSDIET)

Marjo Tuomainen; Olli Kärkkäinen; Jukka Leppänen; Seppo Auriola; Marko Lehtonen; Markku J. Savolainen; Kjeld Hermansen; Ulf Risérus; Björn Åkesson; Inga Thorsdottir; Marjukka Kolehmainen; Matti Uusitupa; Kaisa Poutanen; Ursula Schwab; Kati Hanhineva

doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqz179

Quantitative assessment of betainized compounds and associations with dietary and metabolic biomarkers in the randomized study of the healthy Nordic diet (SYSDIET)

Marjo Tuomainen (Corresponding Author), Olli Kärkkäinen, Jukka Leppänen, Seppo Auriola, Marko Lehtonen, Markku J. Savolainen, Kjeld Hermansen, Ulf Risérus, Björn Åkesson, Inga Thorsdottir, Marjukka Kolehmainen, Matti Uusitupa, Kaisa Poutanen, Ursula Schwab, Kati Hanhineva

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Recently, a group of betainized compounds have been suggested to play a role in health effects in relation to a whole-grain-rich diet.

OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to develop a quantitative mass spectrometric method for selected betainized compounds in human plasma, and to investigate their association with nutrient intake and measures of metabolic health in participants of the SYSDIET study.

METHODS: The SYSDIET study was a controlled randomized intervention including individuals with metabolic syndrome, where the healthy Nordic diet (HND) group increased intakes of whole grains, canola oil, berries, and fish, whereas the control diet (CD) group consumed low-fiber cereal products, milk fat, and restricted amounts of fish and berries. A quantitative LC combined with triple quadrupole MS method for betainized compounds was developed and applied to fasting plasma samples from baseline (week 0) and the end of the intervention (week 18 or 24). Concentrations of betainized compounds were correlated with intakes of selected nutrients and fiber and measures of metabolic health.

RESULTS: Pipecolic acid betaine (PAB) concentrations were significantly higher in the HND group than in the CD group (P = 0.00032) at the end of the intervention and correlated directly (P < 0.0001) with intakes of dietary fiber (r = 0.376) and a biomarker related to whole-grain rye intake, namely the ratio of alkylresorcinol C17:0 to C21:0 (r = 0.442). PAB was associated inversely with fasting plasma insulin consistently at the beginning and at the end of the intervention (P < 0.001, r = -0.300; P < 0.01, r = -0.250, respectively), as well as IL-1 receptor antagonist (P < 0.01, r = -0.232 at the beginning; P < 0.01, r = -0.236 at the end) and serum LDL/HDL cholesterol (P < 0.01, r = -0.239 at the beginning; P < 0.01, r = -0.241 at the end).

CONCLUSIONS: Among adults with the metabolic syndrome, PAB plasma concentrations were associated with fasting insulin, inflammation, and lipids and were significantly increased with adoption of the HND. Further studies are needed to clarify the biological functions of betainized compounds. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00992641.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	1108-1118
Journal	The American journal of clinical nutrition
Volume	110
Issue number	5
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqz179
Publication status	Published - 1 Nov 2019
MoE publication type	A1 Journal article-refereed

Funding

Supported by the Academy of Finland (to K Hanhineva), Biocenter Finland (to K Hanhineva), Biocenter Kuopio (to SA and ML), and the Lantmännen Research Foundation (to K Hanhineva). Systems biology in controlled dietary interventions and cohort studies (SYSDIET) was 1 of the 3 projects in the Nordic Centre of Excellence Programme on Food, Nutrition and Health nominated and funded by NordForsk for the years 2007-2012 (SYSDIET; 070014). The intervention study was also funded by the Academy of Finland, Finnish Diabetes Research Foundation, Finnish Foundation for Cardiovascular Research, The Sigfrid Juselius Foundation and EVO funding from Kuopio University Hospital (Finland); the Druvan Foundation, ESPEN, Skåne County Council Research and Development Foundation, The Heart-Lung Foundation, Diabetesfonden and Foundation Cerealia (Sweden); The Danish Obesity Research Centre (DanORC, www.danorc.dk), The Danish Council for Strategic Research (Dairy-Health, BioFunCarb) (Denmark); The Agricultural Productivity Fund, The Research Fund of the University of Iceland (Iceland).

Keywords

betainized compounds
fiber
healthy Nordic diet
LC-QQQ-MS
pipecolic acid betaine
quantitative
rye
whole grain

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10.1093/ajcn/nqz179

Cite this

Tuomainen, M., Kärkkäinen, O., Leppänen, J., Auriola, S., Lehtonen, M., Savolainen, M. J., Hermansen, K., Risérus, U., Åkesson, B., Thorsdottir, I., Kolehmainen, M., Uusitupa, M., Poutanen, K., Schwab, U., & Hanhineva, K. (2019). Quantitative assessment of betainized compounds and associations with dietary and metabolic biomarkers in the randomized study of the healthy Nordic diet (SYSDIET). The American journal of clinical nutrition, 110(5), 1108-1118. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqz179

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title = "Quantitative assessment of betainized compounds and associations with dietary and metabolic biomarkers in the randomized study of the healthy Nordic diet (SYSDIET)",

abstract = "BACKGROUND: Recently, a group of betainized compounds have been suggested to play a role in health effects in relation to a whole-grain-rich diet.OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to develop a quantitative mass spectrometric method for selected betainized compounds in human plasma, and to investigate their association with nutrient intake and measures of metabolic health in participants of the SYSDIET study.METHODS: The SYSDIET study was a controlled randomized intervention including individuals with metabolic syndrome, where the healthy Nordic diet (HND) group increased intakes of whole grains, canola oil, berries, and fish, whereas the control diet (CD) group consumed low-fiber cereal products, milk fat, and restricted amounts of fish and berries. A quantitative LC combined with triple quadrupole MS method for betainized compounds was developed and applied to fasting plasma samples from baseline (week 0) and the end of the intervention (week 18 or 24). Concentrations of betainized compounds were correlated with intakes of selected nutrients and fiber and measures of metabolic health.RESULTS: Pipecolic acid betaine (PAB) concentrations were significantly higher in the HND group than in the CD group (P = 0.00032) at the end of the intervention and correlated directly (P < 0.0001) with intakes of dietary fiber (r = 0.376) and a biomarker related to whole-grain rye intake, namely the ratio of alkylresorcinol C17:0 to C21:0 (r = 0.442). PAB was associated inversely with fasting plasma insulin consistently at the beginning and at the end of the intervention (P < 0.001, r = -0.300; P < 0.01, r = -0.250, respectively), as well as IL-1 receptor antagonist (P < 0.01, r = -0.232 at the beginning; P < 0.01, r = -0.236 at the end) and serum LDL/HDL cholesterol (P < 0.01, r = -0.239 at the beginning; P < 0.01, r = -0.241 at the end).CONCLUSIONS: Among adults with the metabolic syndrome, PAB plasma concentrations were associated with fasting insulin, inflammation, and lipids and were significantly increased with adoption of the HND. Further studies are needed to clarify the biological functions of betainized compounds. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00992641.",

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year = "2019",

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doi = "10.1093/ajcn/nqz179",

language = "English",

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Tuomainen, M, Kärkkäinen, O, Leppänen, J, Auriola, S, Lehtonen, M, Savolainen, MJ, Hermansen, K, Risérus, U, Åkesson, B, Thorsdottir, I, Kolehmainen, M, Uusitupa, M, Poutanen, K, Schwab, U & Hanhineva, K 2019, 'Quantitative assessment of betainized compounds and associations with dietary and metabolic biomarkers in the randomized study of the healthy Nordic diet (SYSDIET)', The American journal of clinical nutrition, vol. 110, no. 5, pp. 1108-1118. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqz179

Quantitative assessment of betainized compounds and associations with dietary and metabolic biomarkers in the randomized study of the healthy Nordic diet (SYSDIET). / Tuomainen, Marjo (Corresponding Author); Kärkkäinen, Olli; Leppänen, Jukka et al.
In: The American journal of clinical nutrition, Vol. 110, No. 5, 01.11.2019, p. 1108-1118.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Scientific › peer-review

TY - JOUR

T1 - Quantitative assessment of betainized compounds and associations with dietary and metabolic biomarkers in the randomized study of the healthy Nordic diet (SYSDIET)

AU - Tuomainen, Marjo

AU - Kärkkäinen, Olli

AU - Leppänen, Jukka

AU - Auriola, Seppo

AU - Lehtonen, Marko

AU - Savolainen, Markku J.

AU - Hermansen, Kjeld

AU - Risérus, Ulf

AU - Åkesson, Björn

AU - Thorsdottir, Inga

AU - Kolehmainen, Marjukka

AU - Uusitupa, Matti

AU - Poutanen, Kaisa

AU - Schwab, Ursula

AU - Hanhineva, Kati

PY - 2019/11/1

Y1 - 2019/11/1

N2 - BACKGROUND: Recently, a group of betainized compounds have been suggested to play a role in health effects in relation to a whole-grain-rich diet.OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to develop a quantitative mass spectrometric method for selected betainized compounds in human plasma, and to investigate their association with nutrient intake and measures of metabolic health in participants of the SYSDIET study.METHODS: The SYSDIET study was a controlled randomized intervention including individuals with metabolic syndrome, where the healthy Nordic diet (HND) group increased intakes of whole grains, canola oil, berries, and fish, whereas the control diet (CD) group consumed low-fiber cereal products, milk fat, and restricted amounts of fish and berries. A quantitative LC combined with triple quadrupole MS method for betainized compounds was developed and applied to fasting plasma samples from baseline (week 0) and the end of the intervention (week 18 or 24). Concentrations of betainized compounds were correlated with intakes of selected nutrients and fiber and measures of metabolic health.RESULTS: Pipecolic acid betaine (PAB) concentrations were significantly higher in the HND group than in the CD group (P = 0.00032) at the end of the intervention and correlated directly (P < 0.0001) with intakes of dietary fiber (r = 0.376) and a biomarker related to whole-grain rye intake, namely the ratio of alkylresorcinol C17:0 to C21:0 (r = 0.442). PAB was associated inversely with fasting plasma insulin consistently at the beginning and at the end of the intervention (P < 0.001, r = -0.300; P < 0.01, r = -0.250, respectively), as well as IL-1 receptor antagonist (P < 0.01, r = -0.232 at the beginning; P < 0.01, r = -0.236 at the end) and serum LDL/HDL cholesterol (P < 0.01, r = -0.239 at the beginning; P < 0.01, r = -0.241 at the end).CONCLUSIONS: Among adults with the metabolic syndrome, PAB plasma concentrations were associated with fasting insulin, inflammation, and lipids and were significantly increased with adoption of the HND. Further studies are needed to clarify the biological functions of betainized compounds. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00992641.

AB - BACKGROUND: Recently, a group of betainized compounds have been suggested to play a role in health effects in relation to a whole-grain-rich diet.OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to develop a quantitative mass spectrometric method for selected betainized compounds in human plasma, and to investigate their association with nutrient intake and measures of metabolic health in participants of the SYSDIET study.METHODS: The SYSDIET study was a controlled randomized intervention including individuals with metabolic syndrome, where the healthy Nordic diet (HND) group increased intakes of whole grains, canola oil, berries, and fish, whereas the control diet (CD) group consumed low-fiber cereal products, milk fat, and restricted amounts of fish and berries. A quantitative LC combined with triple quadrupole MS method for betainized compounds was developed and applied to fasting plasma samples from baseline (week 0) and the end of the intervention (week 18 or 24). Concentrations of betainized compounds were correlated with intakes of selected nutrients and fiber and measures of metabolic health.RESULTS: Pipecolic acid betaine (PAB) concentrations were significantly higher in the HND group than in the CD group (P = 0.00032) at the end of the intervention and correlated directly (P < 0.0001) with intakes of dietary fiber (r = 0.376) and a biomarker related to whole-grain rye intake, namely the ratio of alkylresorcinol C17:0 to C21:0 (r = 0.442). PAB was associated inversely with fasting plasma insulin consistently at the beginning and at the end of the intervention (P < 0.001, r = -0.300; P < 0.01, r = -0.250, respectively), as well as IL-1 receptor antagonist (P < 0.01, r = -0.232 at the beginning; P < 0.01, r = -0.236 at the end) and serum LDL/HDL cholesterol (P < 0.01, r = -0.239 at the beginning; P < 0.01, r = -0.241 at the end).CONCLUSIONS: Among adults with the metabolic syndrome, PAB plasma concentrations were associated with fasting insulin, inflammation, and lipids and were significantly increased with adoption of the HND. Further studies are needed to clarify the biological functions of betainized compounds. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00992641.

KW - betainized compounds

KW - fiber

KW - healthy Nordic diet

KW - LC-QQQ-MS

KW - pipecolic acid betaine

KW - quantitative

KW - rye

KW - whole grain

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U2 - 10.1093/ajcn/nqz179

DO - 10.1093/ajcn/nqz179

M3 - Article

C2 - 31504116

AN - SCOPUS:85074309724

SN - 0002-9165

VL - 110

SP - 1108

EP - 1118

JO - The American journal of clinical nutrition

JF - The American journal of clinical nutrition

IS - 5

ER -

Quantitative assessment of betainized compounds and associations with dietary and metabolic biomarkers in the randomized study of the healthy Nordic diet (SYSDIET)

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Keywords

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