Recent advances in research on the most novel carbonic anhydrases, CA XIII and XV

S. Parkkila, C.T. Supuran, A. Innocenti, S.M. Monti, G. De Simone, Mika Hilvo

Research output: Contribution to journalArticleScientificpeer-review

68 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

The carbonic anhydrase (CA) enzyme family consists of thirteen active isozymes in mammals. The most recently characterized members of this family are cytosolic CA XIII and membrane-bound CA XV. This article describes recent advances in the CA family, especially CA XIII and XV. We have also included catalytic activity data on human CA XIII and mouse CA XV. Additionally, the inhibition constants of acetazolamide toward these isozymes were determined to be kcat = 1.5 x 105 s-1, kcat/KM = 1.1 x 107 M-1s-1 and KI = 16 nM for human CA XIII and kcat= 4.7 x 105 s-1, kcat/KM = 3.3 x 107 M-1s-1 and KI = 72 nM for mouse CA XV. Although the activity of CA XIII is the second lowest reported thus far for any of the human CAs, it may have a role in maintaining the acid-base balance in the kidney and the gastrointestinal and reproductive tracts. CA XV is an exceptional enzyme, as it seems to be active in numerous species, such as rodents, birds and fish, but is absent from humans and chimpanzees. Mouse CA XV is a moderately active enzyme, suggesting that it may play a physiological role at least in the kidney. It is likely that other isozymes have substituted for this protein in humans. In addition to the novel data on CA XIII and XV, we present the catalytic activities as well as inhibition constants of acetazolamide for all mammalian CA isozymes in this review.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)672 - 678
JournalCurrent Pharmaceutical Design
Volume14
Issue number7
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 2008
MoE publication typeA1 Journal article-refereed

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