Abstract
Regional model calculations of forest soil acidification in Finland for different
future energy use and emission reduction input scenarios are compared. The
calculations have been made with the Finnish Acidification Assessment Model
(HAKOMA) consisting of modules for emissions, emission abatement costs,
atmospheric dispersion, transformation and deposition, and impacts on forest
soils and lakes. The impact modules include time-dependent simulations of forest
soil and lake acidification processes which consider the dynamic nature of ecosystems. The existing buffering capacity and its depletion are assumed to have
ecological impacts. In forest soil acidification the depletion of the nutrient cation
inventory in soil by acid deposition and through tree harvesting is considered.
Cations are supplied by atmospheric deposition, estimated by measurements, and
mineral weathering. The distribution of soil types is estimated on the basis of the
national forest inventory. The cation contents for each soil class are derived from
measurement programmes.
The results of the pilot studies show the most critical areas regarding acidification to be in the areas of high deposition in southwestern and southeastern
Finland. To minimize the acidification, considerable emission reductions seem to
be necessary both in Finland and in the areas of high emissions in the neighbouring
countries. The results were also relatively sensitive to the parameter values in the
soil model.
future energy use and emission reduction input scenarios are compared. The
calculations have been made with the Finnish Acidification Assessment Model
(HAKOMA) consisting of modules for emissions, emission abatement costs,
atmospheric dispersion, transformation and deposition, and impacts on forest
soils and lakes. The impact modules include time-dependent simulations of forest
soil and lake acidification processes which consider the dynamic nature of ecosystems. The existing buffering capacity and its depletion are assumed to have
ecological impacts. In forest soil acidification the depletion of the nutrient cation
inventory in soil by acid deposition and through tree harvesting is considered.
Cations are supplied by atmospheric deposition, estimated by measurements, and
mineral weathering. The distribution of soil types is estimated on the basis of the
national forest inventory. The cation contents for each soil class are derived from
measurement programmes.
The results of the pilot studies show the most critical areas regarding acidification to be in the areas of high deposition in southwestern and southeastern
Finland. To minimize the acidification, considerable emission reductions seem to
be necessary both in Finland and in the areas of high emissions in the neighbouring
countries. The results were also relatively sensitive to the parameter values in the
soil model.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Title of host publication | Acidification in Finland |
| Editors | Pekka Kauppi, Pia Anttila, Kaarle Kenttämies |
| Place of Publication | Heidelberg |
| Publisher | Springer |
| Pages | 253-269 |
| ISBN (Print) | 3-540-52213-1, 0-387-52213-1 |
| Publication status | Published - 1990 |
| MoE publication type | D2 Article in professional manuals or guides or professional information systems or text book material |