Reproducibility of the 10-nm Solid Particle Number Methodology for Light-Duty Vehicles Exhaust Measurements

Tero Lähde, Barouch Giechaskiel*, Giorgio Martini, Joseph Woodburn, Piotr Bielaczyc, Daniel Schreiber, Mathias Huber, Panayotis Dimopoulos Eggenschwiler, Corrado Fittavolini, Salvatore Florio, Leonardo Pellegrini, Norbert Schuster, Ulf Kirchner, Hiroyuki Yamada, Jean Claude Momique, Richard Monier, Yitu Lai, Timo Murtonen, Joonas Vanhanen, Athanasios MamakosChristos Dardiotis, Yoshinori Otsuki, Jürgen Spielvogel

*Corresponding author for this work

    Research output: Contribution to journalArticleScientificpeer-review

    4 Citations (Scopus)

    Abstract

    Many countries worldwide have introduced a limit for solid particles larger than 23 nm for the type approval of vehicles before their circulation in the market. However, for some vehicles, in particular for port fuel injection engines (gasoline and gas engines) a high fraction of particles resides below 23 nm. For this reason, a methodology for counting solid particles larger than 10 nm was developed in the Particle Measurement Programme (PMP) group of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE). There are no studies assessing the reproducibility of the new methodology across different laboratories. In this study we compared the reproducibility of the new 10 nm methodology to the current 23 nm methodology. A light-duty gasoline direct injection vehicle and two reference solid particle number measurement systems were circulated in seven European and two Asian laboratories which were also measuring with their own systems fulfilling the current 23 nm methodology. The hot and cold start emission of the vehicle covered a range of 1 to 15 × 1012 #/km with the ratio of sub-23 nm particles to the >23 nm emissions being 10–50%. In most cases the differences between the three measurement systems were ±10%. In general, the reproducibility of the new methodology was at the same levels (around 14%) as with the current methodology (on average 17%).

    Original languageEnglish
    Article number872
    JournalAtmosphere
    Volume13
    Issue number6
    DOIs
    Publication statusPublished - May 2022
    MoE publication typeA1 Journal article-refereed

    Keywords

    • 10 nm methodology
    • catalytic stripper
    • evaporation tube
    • gasoline direct injection
    • inter-laboratory exercise
    • particle number emissions
    • PMP
    • reproducibility
    • round robin
    • solid particles

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