@article{14ad98d7d61149b89061b8cce243bb7c,
title = "Sensitivity assessment of microgrid investment options to guarantee reliability of power supply in rural networks as an alternative to underground cabling",
abstract = "Microgrids could be utilized to improve the distribution network resiliency against weather-related network outages and increase the security of power supply of rural electricity consumers. Whereas underground cabling is expensive for the distribution system operator (DSO), an alternative microgrid investment could benefit the DSO and consumer, provided the necessary changes were made in the network regulation. A rural detached house customer microgrid is analysed in comparison to underground cabling, considering the uncertainties in the calculation parameters through a sensitivity analysis. Adequacy of the microgrid power supply during unexpected network outage for a reasonably long duration is assessed, as well as the economics of the feasible microgrid setup consisting of variable generation, controllable generation, and electric storage. The total costs and benefits for the DSO and consumer/prosumer are considered. A microgrid would likely be a more cost-efficient option overall, but not as-is for the consumer. The battery energy storage system (BESS)-related cost-sharing strategies are suggested in this paper in order to assess possible break-even investment solutions for the related parties. The sensitivities of the microgrid and cabling investments were considered in particular. Cost-sharing strategies under network regulatory framework would need to be developed further in order for both the consumer and DSO to benefit from the solution as a whole.",
keywords = "Battery energy storage system (BESS), Electricity distribution, Investment, Islanded operation, Micro combined heat and power (micro-CHP), Microgrid, Network outage, Resilience, Solar photovoltaics (PV), Underground cabling",
author = "Sanna Uski and Kim Forss{\'e}n and Jari Shemeikka",
note = "Funding Information: be equal. BALANCE_dso_ann_MG, BALANCE_dso_ann_MG5050, BALANCE_dso_ann_MGDSO and BALANCE_dso_ann_MG5050inv refer to prosumer 100% ownership, prosumer/DSO 50/50% ownership, prosumer/DSO 50/50% ownership, DSO 100% ownership and prosumer/DSO 50/50% ownership, DSO 100% ownership and prosumer/DSO 50/50% investment respectively. investment respectively. 5. Conclusions 5. Conclusions A single detached house microgrid located in rural sparsely populated distribution network was A single detached house microgrid located in rural sparsely populated distribution network was studied as an alternative to underground cabling in order to increase the reliability of power supply. The results demonstrate that with a carefully planned composition of microgrid generation and storage The results demonstrate that with a carefully planned composition of microgrid generation and components, a reasonable level of reliability of power supply could be met in an islanded operation storage components, a reasonable level of reliability of power supply could be met in an islanded during possible unexpected network outages. operation during possible unexpected network outages. The economic calculation results presented in this paper show clearly that an underground cabling The economic calculation results presented in this paper show clearly that an underground option is likely to be overall more expensive an option in a rural sparsely populated network over a cabling option is likely to be overall more expensive an option in a rural sparsely populated network over a microgrid when considering the consumer and DSO costs together. When cabling is the most expensive option over all, it is clearly the most expensive option also alsoforforthetheDSDSOO alonealone.. TheThemimicrcrogrogridid opoption,tion, in tinurturn,n, wawass mormore eexpexpensiveensive in ainllallcascaseses to ttohethe consumer/microgrid owner if the microgrid-related expenses are to be covered solely by the consumer. consAlternativeumer. microgrid investment strategies were proposed for cost-sharing between an electric customAerl,tei.ren.,aativmei mcriocgrorigdriodw innveers,tamnednat sDtrSaOte.gAiesfewwersehparroepdoisnevde fsotmr ceonstt-oshpatiroinngs boefttwheeeBnEaSnSebleecttwriecen thecucustsotmomere,ri.aen.,da tmheicDroSgOridwoewrenceor,nasniddeareDdS.OT.hAe ofevwersahllamredositncvoesstt-mefefnictieonpttimonicsroofgtrhide BoEpStiSobnectwoueledn be matdhee bcuysctoosmt-esrhaanridngthaen DeScOonwomeriec acloonpsitdioenrefdo.rTthhee ocovnersaulml mero/smt ciocrsot-gerfifdicioewntnmericarnodgreidnaobpletiothnecDouSlOd to be made by cost-sharing an economical option for the consumer/microgrid owner and enable the A microgrid could be an alternative for rural network underground cabling, provided it was made an optional practice in distribution network planning and operations, and that it was permitted made an optional practice in distribution network planning and operations, and that it was permitted by regulations. In addition, its application would require a willing electricity customer and mutual agreement and cooperation between the customer and DSO. Author Contributions: The literature review, modeling, simulations, and analysis were done by S.U.; K.F. collected infoArumthaotironCoonntrmibicurtoio-CnsH: PT-hpeo lwiteerraptularne tsreavniedwn,emtwoodreklinrges,isliiemnuclea;tiJo.Sn.sc, raenadtedantahleysdisetawcehreeddhoonuesbeyh eSa.Ut .d; eKm.Fa.nd collected information on micro-CHP-power plants and network resilience; J.S. created the detached house heat demand data series and provided the relevant description for the manuscript; S.U. prepared the manuscript, Funding: This work has been supported by the Strategic Research Council at the Academy of Finland, project Transition to a resource efficient and climate neutral electricity system (EL-TRAN) grant number 314319. Funding: This work has been supported by the Strategic Research Council at the Academy of Finland, project AckTnraonwsilteiodngmtoeanrtess:oTuhrecea euftfhicoiernstt hanandkclGim{\"o}araten nKeourteranleefflefcotrricpirtoyvsiydsitnegma(dEvLi-cTeRoAnNth) gerhaonut sneuhmobldere 3le1c4t3r1ic9.customer load profiles and the used profile data. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Copyright: Copyright 2018 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.",
year = "2018",
month = oct,
day = "19",
doi = "10.3390/en11102831",
language = "English",
volume = "11",
journal = "Energies",
issn = "1996-1073",
publisher = "MDPI",
number = "10",
}