Abstract
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Article number | 1421 |
| Journal | Reviews of Modern Physics |
| Volume | 85 |
| Issue number | 4 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 2013 |
| MoE publication type | A1 Journal article-refereed |
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Single-electron current sources : Toward a refined definition of the ampere. / Pekola, Jukka P. (Corresponding Author); Saira, Olli-Pentti; Maisi, Ville F.; Kemppinen, Antti; Möttönen, Mikko; Pashkin, Yuri A.; Averin, Dmitri V.
In: Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 85, No. 4, 1421, 2013.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Scientific › peer-review
TY - JOUR
T1 - Single-electron current sources
T2 - Toward a refined definition of the ampere
AU - Pekola, Jukka P.
AU - Saira, Olli-Pentti
AU - Maisi, Ville F.
AU - Kemppinen, Antti
AU - Möttönen, Mikko
AU - Pashkin, Yuri A.
AU - Averin, Dmitri V.
PY - 2013
Y1 - 2013
N2 - The control of electrons at the level of the elementary charge e was demonstrated experimentally already in the 1980s. Ever since, the production of an electrical current ef, or its integer multiple, at a drive frequency f has been a focus of research for metrological purposes. This review discusses the generic physical phenomena and technical constraints that influence single-electron charge transport and presents a broad variety of proposed realizations. Some of them have already proven experimentally to nearly fulfill the demanding needs, in terms of transfer errors and transfer rate, of quantum metrology of electrical quantities, whereas some others are currently “just” wild ideas, still often potentially competitive if technical constraints can be lifted. The important issues of readout of single-electron events and potential error correction schemes based on them are also discussed. Finally, an account is given of the status of single-electron current sources in the bigger framework of electric quantum standards and of the future international SI system of units, and applications and uses of single-electron devices outside the metrological context are briefly discussed.
AB - The control of electrons at the level of the elementary charge e was demonstrated experimentally already in the 1980s. Ever since, the production of an electrical current ef, or its integer multiple, at a drive frequency f has been a focus of research for metrological purposes. This review discusses the generic physical phenomena and technical constraints that influence single-electron charge transport and presents a broad variety of proposed realizations. Some of them have already proven experimentally to nearly fulfill the demanding needs, in terms of transfer errors and transfer rate, of quantum metrology of electrical quantities, whereas some others are currently “just” wild ideas, still often potentially competitive if technical constraints can be lifted. The important issues of readout of single-electron events and potential error correction schemes based on them are also discussed. Finally, an account is given of the status of single-electron current sources in the bigger framework of electric quantum standards and of the future international SI system of units, and applications and uses of single-electron devices outside the metrological context are briefly discussed.
U2 - 10.1103/RevModPhys.85.1421
DO - 10.1103/RevModPhys.85.1421
M3 - Article
VL - 85
JO - Reviews of Modern Physics
JF - Reviews of Modern Physics
SN - 0034-6861
IS - 4
M1 - 1421
ER -