TY - JOUR
T1 - Speedometer monitoring when driving with a speed warning system
AU - Lehtonen, Esko
AU - Malhotra, Neha
AU - Starkey, Nicola J.
AU - Charlton, Samuel G.
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors would like to express appreciation for the support of the funder, the NZ Transport Agency [Project TAR 16/18] and members of the project?s steering group. The current study was a part of a larger study performed in the project.
Funding Information:
The study received funding from NZ Transport Agency [Project TAR 16/18]. The funder had no role in the design, collection, analysis, or interpretation of data and in writing the manuscript. Acknowledgements
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020, The Author(s).
Copyright:
Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2020
Y1 - 2020
N2 - Aim: The study investigated how a speed warning system influence drivers’ speedometer monitoring, and how drivers respond when they receive a speed warning. With a speed warning system, drivers may pay more attention to the exact speed, which would be expected to increase glances to the speedometer. Methods: Nineteen participants drove in a driving simulator, either with or without a speed warning system implemented on a smartphone, which alerted them if they exceeded the set speed limit. Their glances to the speedometer and speed warning system’s display were recorded with an eye tracker. Results: Drivers sped less with the warning system. The system did not significantly change the speedometer monitoring. Speeding was preceded by fewer speedometer glances, indicating the speeding was linked to participants’ momentary inattention to their speed control. After a warning, the frequency of speedometer glances increased. Interestingly, drivers often started to glance at the speedometer and release the accelerator a couple of seconds before a warning, suggesting that drivers learn to anticipate warnings. The results suggest that drivers do not only react to warnings, but they also actively try to avoid them. Understanding drivers’ speed control with speed warning system may help to create adaptive ISA systems.
AB - Aim: The study investigated how a speed warning system influence drivers’ speedometer monitoring, and how drivers respond when they receive a speed warning. With a speed warning system, drivers may pay more attention to the exact speed, which would be expected to increase glances to the speedometer. Methods: Nineteen participants drove in a driving simulator, either with or without a speed warning system implemented on a smartphone, which alerted them if they exceeded the set speed limit. Their glances to the speedometer and speed warning system’s display were recorded with an eye tracker. Results: Drivers sped less with the warning system. The system did not significantly change the speedometer monitoring. Speeding was preceded by fewer speedometer glances, indicating the speeding was linked to participants’ momentary inattention to their speed control. After a warning, the frequency of speedometer glances increased. Interestingly, drivers often started to glance at the speedometer and release the accelerator a couple of seconds before a warning, suggesting that drivers learn to anticipate warnings. The results suggest that drivers do not only react to warnings, but they also actively try to avoid them. Understanding drivers’ speed control with speed warning system may help to create adaptive ISA systems.
KW - Anticipation
KW - Distraction
KW - Eye movements
KW - In-vehicle information systems
KW - Intelligent speed adaptation
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85082142185&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1186/s12544-020-00408-8
DO - 10.1186/s12544-020-00408-8
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85082142185
SN - 1867-0717
VL - 12
JO - European Transport Research Review
JF - European Transport Research Review
IS - 1
M1 - 16
ER -