Status and future of metrology for dynamic measurement in Nordic and Baltic countries

Methods and technologies for dynamic measurements have been developed and used for decades. To enable robust metrological traceability, uncertainty analysis methods for various applications have been derived and published by many scientists. In Europe, several research projects funded within European metrology research programmes (EMRP, EMPIR, Partnership on Metrology) have been focusing in dynamic measurements of mechanical, thermal and electrical quantities to provide new measurement and calibration methods. The European Metrology Network “Mathmet” drives the development of analytical methods related to dynamic measurement applications. The importance of dynamic measurement solutions has been boosted by digitalisation and rapid growth of computer power. Artificial intelligence combined with sensor fusion and sensor networks brings dynamism to wider measurement applications but may hide serious vulnerabilities to time dependent disturbances. At the moment most calibrations are performed under static conditions, i.e. the time dependency of the measurand is considered as a very small contribution to the overall calibration uncertainty. Calibrations at static conditions are often preferred due to practical reasons even if dynamic calibrations are available. In its recent strategy, the European Metrology Network “Smart North” has identified dynamic measurements as a field of regional competence and service development within Nordic and Baltic countries. This paper reviews most relevant research results and currently available calibration services in Europe. The study is focused on measurement needs related to machinery, combustion engines and electrical grids. Potential future needs for NMI level services in the region are analysed by considering specific needs of local industry, societal resilience and northern climate.