Abstract
In this paper we have investigated the changes in kraft
lignin structure and morphology upon hydrothermal
carbonization (HTC) at 240 °C with and without the
presence of carbonization catalysts. The main conclusion
of this study is that the structure of kraft lignin was
altered only slightly during the hydrothermal
carbonization. The main changes in the kraft lignin's
structure were demethylation and dealkylation as well as
cleavage of ß-O-4 bonds. The final product had a more
thermally stable and complex cross-linked structure. More
pronounced changes occurred in the material structure and
morphology upon the addition of catalysts. The energy
density of the resulting materials was not significantly
different from the energy density of the original kraft
lignin.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 2737-2745 |
Journal | ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering |
Volume | 3 |
Issue number | 11 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 2015 |
MoE publication type | A1 Journal article-refereed |
Keywords
- hydrotehrmal carbonization
- kraft lignin
- lignin-derived carbonaceous materials