Structural differences between rye and wheat breads but not total fiber content may explain the lower postprandial insulin response to rye bread

Katri Juntunen (Corresponding Author), David Laaksonen, Karin Autio, Leo Niskanen, Jens Holst, Kari Savolainen, Kirsi-Helena Liukkonen, Kaisa Poutanen, Hannu Mykkänen

    Research output: Contribution to journalArticleScientificpeer-review

    178 Citations (Scopus)

    Abstract

    Background: Rye bread has a beneficial effect on the postprandial insulin response in healthy subjects. The role of rye fiber in insulin and glucose metabolism is not known.

    Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the effect of the content of rye fiber in rye breads on postprandial insulin and glucose responses.

    Design: Nineteen healthy postmenopausal women aged 61 ± 1 y, with a body mass index (in kg/m2) of 26.0 ± 0.6, and with normal glucose tolerance participated in the study. The test products were refined wheat bread (control), endosperm rye bread, traditional rye bread, and high-fiber rye bread; each bread provided 50 g available carbohydrate and was served with breakfast. Plasma glucose, insulin, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, glucagon-like peptide 1, and serum C-peptide were measured in fasting and 8 postprandial blood samples. In vitro starch hydrolysis and the microscopic structure of the breads were also determined.

    Results: Postprandial insulin, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, and C-peptide responses to the rye breads were significantly lower than the response to the control; no significant differences in insulin and C-peptide responses to the rye breads were found. Glucose and glucagon-like peptide 1 responses to the rye breads were not significantly different from those to the control, except at 150 and 180 min. In vitro starch hydrolysis was slower in all rye breads than in the control, and the structure of continuous matrix and starch granules differed between the rye and control breads.

    Conclusion: Total fiber content does not explain the lower postprandial insulin response to rye bread than to wheat bread, but structural differences between rye and wheat breads might.
    Original languageEnglish
    Pages (from-to)957-964
    Number of pages8
    JournalThe American journal of clinical nutrition
    Volume78
    Issue number5
    Publication statusPublished - 2003
    MoE publication typeA1 Journal article-refereed

    Keywords

    • Rye
    • wheat
    • cereal fiber
    • postprandial
    • blood glucose
    • insulin
    • C-peptide
    • glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide
    • glucagon-like peptide 1
    • postmenopausal women

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